MCT261-Operating Systems I Operating Systems I History of Operating Systems

MCT261-Operating Systems I 2 Primary Learning Objective Understand the functions, terminology, and evolution of operating systems

MCT261-Operating Systems I 3 Specific Learning Objectives Describe the evolution of operating systems used in microcomputers Understand the continued importance of the Command Line Interface (CLI).

MCT261-Operating Systems I 4 Lesson Overview How did operating systems and computers evolve? Why have DOS?

MCT261-Operating Systems I 5 Early History Computers prior to 1900 were predominantly mechanical machines (gears and levers) –In 1830 the Difference Engine was developed in England by Charles Babbage –In 1890 Herman Hollerith developed a computer that was used to tabulate the US Census In the 1930s & 1940s computers went from electromechanical to vacuum tubes

MCT261-Operating Systems I 6 World War II Era Mark I, an electromagnetic device built by IBM for the Navy Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) built at Iowa State. (the first electronic digital computer) ENIAC, contained 18,000 vacuum tubes and was one of the most famous of the early computers Manchester Mark I, the first stored program was adapted by USN for solving fire control problem (big guns)

MCT261-Operating Systems I EDVAC John von Neumann wrote "First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC" in which he outlined the architecture of a stored- program computer. This architecture contained 4 main components. What were they? Input, CPU, memory, and output

MCT261-Operating Systems I 8 Computer Generations First – 1951 to 1958: Vacuum tubes, punch cards, & the UNIVAC computer What are machine, assembly, and high level programming languages? ine_language.htmlhttp:// ine_language.html

MCT261-Operating Systems I 9 Computer Generations Second – 1959 to 1964: Transistors & higher order languages Third – 1965 to 1970: integrated circuits, the IBM 360, & minicomputers Four – 1971 to Present: Microprocessors and personal computers

MCT261-Operating Systems I UNIX Operating System AT&T Bell Laboratories programmers Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie developed the UNIX operating system First widely used operating system Still commonly used by business and the government

MCT261-Operating Systems I CP/M Operating System Gary Kildall developed CP/M, an operating system for personal computers Widely adopted, CP/M made it possible for one version of a program to run on a variety of computers built around eight-bit microprocessors

MCT261-Operating Systems I IBM PC IBM introduced its PC, igniting a fast growth of the personal computer market The first PC ran on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsoft's MS- DOS operating system.

MCT261-Operating Systems I MS-DOS 1.0 Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS- DOS) was the basic software for the newly released IBM PC Established a long partnership between IBM and Microsoft, which Bill Gates and Paul Allen had founded only six years earlier.

MCT261-Operating Systems I 14 DOS – Disk Operating System Many of its features were adopted from UNIX Generic name for three related disk operating systems: PC-DOS, MS-DOS, & IBM-DOS They all manage software &hardware in similar ways

MCT261-Operating Systems I McIntosh Apple Computer launched the Macintosh, the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphic user interface A single $1.5 million commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl launched its success $2,500

MCT261-Operating Systems I 16 Windows Operating Environment Introduced by Microsoft in 1985 A software product that performs the same function as an operating system except for booting the system and handling the storage and retrieval of data in files on the disk. Was dependent on DOS to handle basic file functions in the background Used for Windows 3.0, 3.1, and 3.11 WFW

MCT261-Operating Systems I IBM PS/2 IBM introduced its PS/2 machines, which made the 3 1/2-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array standard for IBM computers First IBMs to include Intel's chip IBM released a new operating system, OS/2, at the same time, allowing the use of a mouse with IBMs for the first time.

MCT261-Operating Systems I WWW Created Tim Berners-Lee created WWW in Switzerland Graphical browsers soon followed

MCT261-Operating Systems I Windows bit and was still dependent on DOS The first successful version of Windows finally offered good enough performance to satisfy PC users Microsoft revamped the interface and created a design that allowed PCs to support large graphical applications for the first time Allowed multiple programs to run on its Intel microprocessor.

MCT261-Operating Systems I – Linux Created by Linus Torvalds of Finland A kernel or core operating system that works like UNIX Freely distributed under the GNU public License (GPL) Source code is made public unlike Microsoft’s and IBM’s code that is proprietary.

MCT261-Operating Systems I Windows NT Windows NT (New Technology), a network operating system that didn’t require DOS to run Early versions used only on servers Had NTFS and FAT 16 file systems Primarily used in corporate and industrial programs

MCT261-Operating Systems I Windows 95 Windows 95 (Chicago) released in July 16 and 32 bit Faster than Windows 3x Multitasking MS-DOS 7.0 embedded Network protocols (peer-to-peer) Plug & Play Start Menu & Taskbar

MCT261-Operating Systems I – Windows NT 4.0 Introduced a network operating system that worked on desktop computers Didn’t support Plug and Play Its stability and advanced networking features made it a favorite of business

MCT261-Operating Systems I Windows 98 Windows 98 (Memphis) released True 32 bit RAM more manageable Multithreading Windows Driver Model (WDM), Better Plug & Play Web Integration (choice of a web style interface)

MCT261-Operating Systems I Windows 2000 Pro Incorporated Win 9X features into the Win NT product line Heavy integration with business applications and Internet Expensive but supports FAT 16, FAT 32, and NTFS Suited more for businesses than home use

MCT261-Operating Systems I – Windows XP More reliable (based on stable Window NT/2000 OS’s that don’t crash or lock up as much) Less rebooting when making changes to the system Different interface, personalized menus, better file and folder management Much higher system requirements

MCT261-Operating Systems I 27 Summary of Operating Systems UNIX (1969) CP/M (1975) MS-DOS (1980) PC DOS (1981) Mac OS (1984) IBM PS/2 (1987) Windows 3.0 (1990) Linux (1991) Windows for Workgroups 3.11 (1993) Windows NT (1993) Windows 95 (1995) Windows NT 4.0 (1996) Windows 98 (1998) Windows 2000 (1999) Windows XP (2001)

MCT261-Operating Systems I 28 Major Differences Between Windows and MS-DOS Interface is the biggest difference –Command Line Interface (CLI) –Graphical User Interface (GUI) Processing power Graphics Multitasking

MCT261-Operating Systems I 29 Similarities All versions of DOS and Windows rely on a feature called full path What is full path? The full path identifies the exact location of a file and includes the name of the drive, and the sequence of directories (folders) to locate and open that file.

MCT261-Operating Systems I 30 MS-DOS Upgrades Version 1.1 –Upgrade allowed use of dual sided floppy disk Version 2.0 –Upgrade allowed use of hard disk drives and device drivers Version 3.0 –Supported microprocessor & networks

MCT261-Operating Systems I 31 MS-DOS Upgrades Continued Version 4.0 –Allowed 512 MB disk partitions Version 5.0 –Improved memory management Version 6.0 –Numerous utilities added & virus protection Version 6.22 –Last standalone version of MS-DOS

MCT261-Operating Systems I 32 MS-DOS Upgrades Continued Version 7.0 –embedded within Windows 95 –no longer a stand alone version Version 7.1 –embedded within Windows 98

MCT261-Operating Systems I 33 Is CLI Relevant Today? System crashes (You can always boot your PC with DOS on a floppy) Removing computer viruses Troubleshooting system, software, and hardware problems Configuring legacy devices Network administration, setup, installation, configuration, and troubleshooting Commands are used to create scripts or batch files

MCT261-Operating Systems I 34 Homework Assignment Reading –Windows XP Textbook – Chapter One –CLI Textbook - pp , –Handout Lab Exercise –OS Types Homework –Glossary 2 Due Date: Next Week

MCT261-Operating Systems I 35 Reference Windows 98 Textbook DOS Textbook Internet – Metro Lab