Late 20th Century Immigration and The Graying of America

1965 Immigration and Nationality Act In 1965, Congress amended the Immigration and Nationality Act. abolished the national origins quota system capped immigration from Western Hemisphere raised the limit on immigration from rest of the world 10% of each quota for those with desirable ability 6% of each quota for those escaping persecution. 84% of each quota for people with family ties to citizens. immediate relatives, former Americans, and ministers enter in unlimited numbers.

President Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks at Signing of the Immigration Bill (1965) “…those wishing to immigrate to America shall be admitted on the basis of their skills and their close relationship to those already here. …” “…the fact is that for over four decades the immigration policy of the United States has been twisted and has been distorted by the harsh injustice of the national origins quota system. …” “It has been un-American in the highest sense, because it has been untrue to the faith that brought thousands to these shores even before we were a country. …” “We can now believe that it will never again shadow the gate to the American Nation with the twin barriers of prejudice and privilege. …”

1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act In 1986, Congress passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act temporary resident status to illegal aliens in the U.S. since before January 1, temporary residents could become permanent residents after 18 months. illegal aliens who in the U.S. for 3 years and worked 90 days annually agriculture could claim temporary resident status and could become permanent residents 3 years

1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act $400 million per year for 2 years to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) strengthened penalties for hiring illegal immigrants strengthened penalties for smuggling illegal immigrants reduced notice an employer must give to apply for a permit to hire foreign workers to decrease the need for illegal hiring.

1990 Immigration Act In 1990, Congress passed the Immigration Act, approving a substantial increase in immigration. 700,000 new immigrants annually, up from 500,000 continued to favor people with family members in the U.S. 55,000 "diversity visas" for countries from which few were emigrating 40,000 permanent job-related visas 65,000 temporary worker visas strengthened Border Patrol removed AIDS from illnesses making immigrant ineligible to enter

The Rustbelt and the Sunbelt Manufacturing Belt became known as the Rust Belt by the 1970's, as manufacturing and heavy industry declined. Cities in the Rust belt were subject to unemployment, underemployment, and general out migration as jobs moved south and abroad. Sunbelt states the South profited from a booming agribusiness industry and California's Silicon Valley became the hub of the technology industry. As population in the Sunbelt increased, so did the region's political influence.

Demographics What were the largest age groups in 2000? What is this generation often called?

Demographics What are the implications of a rapidly increasing elderly population?

Immigration: Statistics

Hispanic Population: Statistics

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