Популяционная генетика - 3. Рекомбинация без: Рекомбинация без: с:

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Presentation transcript:

Популяционная генетика - 3

Рекомбинация без:

Рекомбинация без: с:

Выбор партнера инбридинг ассортативное скрещивание

Факторы эволюции мутации отбор половое размножение генетико-автоматические процессы (генетический дрейф) миграция

Отбор в половой популяции Gillespie Population genetics: a concise guide p. 53

Частота A 1 кодоминирвание (h=1/2) A 1 рецессивный (h=1) A 1 доминантный (h=0) Поколение

Отбор в половой популяции Gillespie Population genetics: a concise guide p. 53

Heterozygote advantage= Balancing selection= Overdominance Heterozygote disadvantage= Disruptive selection= Underdominance e.g. Sickle celle.g. chromosome inversions h<0h>1

Почему очень вредные мутации рецессивные, а не очень вредные – кодоминантные?

Gillespie Population genetics: a concise guide p. 69 Почему очень вредные мутации рецессивные, а не очень вредные – кодоминантные?

Kondrashov and Koonin Trends in Genetics 2004

Факторы эволюции мутации отбор половое размножение генетико-автоматические процессы (генетический дрейф) миграция

Добжанский, Мюллер: причина полиморфизма – БАЛАНСИРУЮЩИЙ ОТБОР

Возможные причины полиморфизма балансирующий отбор –преимущество гетерозигот (сверхдоминирование) –частотно-зависимый отбор –локальные адаптации безусловно вредные аллели происходящие адаптивные аллельные замещения происходящие нейтральные аллельные замещения

Генетический дрейф: модель Фишера-Райта

Генетический дрейф: изменение частот аллелей в популяции

0 and 1 are absorbing states - without mutation.

Генетический дрейф в «популяции» из двух гаплоидных особей

10.4(2) Changes in the probability that an allele will have various possible frequencies

Потеря изменчивости Гетерозиготность популяции H: вероятность, что два случайно выбранных аллеля различаются Из-за дрейфа гетерозиготность в гаплоидных популяциях теряется со скоростью 1/N в поколение В больших популяциях - медленно В маленьких популяциях - быстро

Генетический дрейф: изменение частот аллелей в популяции

Donald Duck Family Tree (US). Walt Disney's Comics (and Stories) #600, 1995

10.1 A possible history of descent of gene copies

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