First-Year Engineering Program 1 Autumn 2009 Graphing with Microsoft Excel Lecture 11 Engineering H191 Engineering Fundamentals and Laboratory

First-Year Engineering Program 2 Autumn 2009 Microsoft Excel Menu Tabs currently active cell(s): referenced by column and row, here B3 fill handle formula bar File menuQuick Access cursor (mouse)

First-Year Engineering Program 3 Autumn 2009 Step 1: Enter the Data! An example seed file is on Carmen and Class Drive

First-Year Engineering Program 4 Autumn 2009 Step 2: Select Data To select data, click with left mouse button, hold and drag across desired cells

First-Year Engineering Program 5 Step 3: Choose a Graph Type 3. Choose chart sub-type 1. Choose “Insert” 2. Choose chart type “XY Scatter” Autumn 2009

First-Year Engineering Program 6 Autumn 2009 Step 4: Edit the Series 4. Click on Select Data 5. ‘Edit’ the series to provide year information to X-axis

First-Year Engineering Program 7 Autumn 2009 Step 5: Continue 5. Add X-Axis Information Click here and then select x- axis values (Year Column Values)

First-Year Engineering Program 8 Autumn 2009 Step 6: Add another plot to the graph 6. Select 'Add'

First-Year Engineering Program 9 Autumn 2009 Step 7: New Series Information Set Series Name (Deaths) Set X-Axis Values (Year values) Set Y-Axis Values (Death values)

First-Year Engineering Program 10 Step 8: Formatting the Graph 6. Select Layout Add Axis Labels and Chart Title to Produce Autumn 2009

First-Year Engineering Program 11 Autumn 2009 Scatter Plot of Example Data

First-Year Engineering Program 12 Autumn 2009 Adding a Linear Trendline 1.Right click on any data point and select the ‘Add Trendline’ option. 2.Select Linear as the regression type (note that there are other options available 3.You can opt to show the equation of the line on the chart

First-Year Engineering Program 13 Now You Try To Add A Trendline… Q:How many births and deaths would we expect in 1998? Autumn 2009

First-Year Engineering Program 14 Autumn 2009 Using these equations, we can predict the numbers of births and deaths expected in 1998: Births = 4,324,516 Deaths = 2,332,540 Do you see any problem with these predictions?

First-Year Engineering Program 15 Autumn 2009 Editing Excel Graphs Once a graph has been created by Excel you may need to edit a legend, title, label, etc. Place the cursor over the item to be edited and press the right mouse button and a menu will appear (Format or Clear) Choosing Format should allow you to edit the graph feature.

First-Year Engineering Program 16 Autumn 2009 Copying Excel Charts and Tables into Word Select the Graph or Chart Right click and select copy OR press ctrl-C (shortcut). Select the area in the Word document where you want to place the chart or table Right click and select paste OR press ctrl-V (shortcut)

First-Year Engineering Program 17 Autumn 2009 How to control the display of significant figures in Excel In order to apply Significant Figure rules in Excel follow the steps below: Select the cell(s) for which you want to change the number presentation. Right-click and select 'Format Cells from the drop-down menu NOTE: Excel keeps full precision of calculations internally.

First-Year Engineering Program 18 Autumn 2009 This opens the dialog box shown here. The Decimal places selection allows you to limit the number of significant figures the cell will display. How to control the display of significant figures in Excel YOU NEED ONLY TO APPLY THE RULES TO THE CELLS IN WHICH FINAL RESULTS ARE CALCULATED!!!

First-Year Engineering Program 19 Autumn 2009 How to control the display of significant figures in Excel If display requirements can’t be met by the cell formatting method described previously, a function called MROUND can be used. Example: If a calculation in Excel comes out to be , but you have determined there are only two significant digits you could display this cell (or in an alternate cell) using =MROUND( ,100). This would display Can be a cell reference

First-Year Engineering Program 20 Autumn 2009 Formulas and the Excel Function Library Formulas are used to calculate values in a cell in a worksheet based on values stored in other cells and/or using the Excel function library. Examples of Excel functions include SUM, AVERAGE, MEDIAN, SIN, EXP, COSH and PMT. There are hundreds of functions available.

First-Year Engineering Program 21 Autumn 2009 To manually enter a formula, start by selecting a cell and typing =. Then enter your formula (for example =b1+a4). Alternately select the cell and enter = followed by the formula in the formula bar. Operators are * for multiplication, / for division, and ^ for exponentiation. Note that e is not defined (use EXP). Formulas and the Excel Function Library

First-Year Engineering Program 22 Autumn 2009 To use the function library, click Insert…Function. An alternative is to type the function name in the cell or function bar. Remember to use proper cell referencing (described later)! Formulas and the Excel Function Library

First-Year Engineering Program 23 Autumn 2009 Insert…Function The Excel function library contains hundreds of built-in functions. From the 'Formulas' Tab select Insert Function. This allows you to select the function you need and to see how to use it.

First-Year Engineering Program 24 Autumn 2009 Cell Referencing The dollar sign ($) is used in cell references to control what happens when you use the fill handle, or a straight copy and paste, to re- apply a formula in cell(s) in other rows and/or columns. B12 – relative reference to value in cell B12 $B12 – column fixed, but row can change B$12 – row fixed, but column can change $B$12- absolute reference to value in cell B12

First-Year Engineering Program 25 Example: When the cursor is placed on the fill handle of Cell C3 and dragged downwards, Autumn 2009

First-Year Engineering Program 26 Then the equations become: Note that the reference to cell A3 does not change while the reference to B3 is incremented Autumn 2009

First-Year Engineering Program 27 Autumn 2009 Cell Referencing Challenge Enter a formula in cell B2 so that it can be dragged down and across to create this multiplication table

First-Year Engineering Program 28 Autumn 2009 Challenge Answer If you entered =$A2*B$1, then you know most everything you’ll need to know about cell referencing!

First-Year Engineering Program 29 Autumn 2009 Another Example Create an Excel worksheet to plot the following function: x(t) = 10 exp(-0.5t) sin(3t +2) over the range 0  t  20 seconds as a scatter plot at 1 second intervals. Expected Result

First-Year Engineering Program 30 Type in the equation as shown and copy it into the other cells. Now you can plot the function. Autumn 2009

First-Year Engineering Program 31 Autumn 2009 Assignment Refer to syllabus