The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Extra Solar Planets Geoff Bower.

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Presentation transcript:

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Extra Solar Planets Geoff Bower

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Radial Velocity Detection of Exoplanets

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Exoplanet Statistics from Radial Velocity Variations

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Transits HD Henry et al 1999

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

Requirements for Transit Detection of Earth Photometric sensitivity ~ 10^-5 Nstars >> 10^3 Time resolution ~ hours Duration ~ years Continuous viewing

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 TrES Transiting Extrasolar Planet Search 3 x 10 cm telescopes 6 x 6 deg FOV V< 16 mag mag in 10 minutes

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 TrES-2 Planet in Kepler Field T=2.5 days M=1.3 MJup R=1.2 MJup O’Donovan et al 2006

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 All Transiting Planets Charbonneau et al 2006

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 TreS-1 HD Star spot causes bump

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Scintillation Noise TrES Dunham et al 2004 Dravins et al 1997 < 1sec

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Kepler

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Kepler Observing Program 4 years Continuous observing 100 square degrees 1.4m mirror/0.95 m corrector 2” pixels 42 x 1024 x 2200 pixels Photometry for 100,00 stars

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Photometry for 100,000 Stars Subset of pixels selected from photometry Integrated for 15 minutes Smaller subset with 1 minute integrations  10^7 measurements/day x ~ pixels/star –  GB/day

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Poisson Noise ~ 1/sqrt(Nphotons) Poisson noise sets mirror size Stellar variability is the big unknown and factor to be controlled

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Basri et al ,000 stars brighter than 15 th mag

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Most Stars Are Inactive

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Solar Variability

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Hall et al 2007

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Stellar Variability

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Variability Limits on Planet Size

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Simulated Transit Matched filter search

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Semi-major axis 1500 Earth mass planets detected in first year 4500 in four years Assuming 3 terrestrial planets/star

The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Planet Detection Validation 7 sigma detection (total) in >=4 transits Period constant to 10 ppm from at least 3 transits Duration, depth, shape consistent Star centroid the same in and out of transit –Reject background eclipsing star Radial velocity follow-up consistent High resolution imaging