METHOD APPROACH DESIGN PROCEDURE PRINCIPLE TECHNIQUE By Fernando Rubio. Based on Ridchards and Rodgers (1991)

Method: Theory is put into practice and it tells what skills and content to be taught and order of contents. It comprises three levels: approach, design and procedure. Richards and Rodgers (1985: 16)

Approach:Theories about the nature of language learning that serve as the source of practices and principles in language teaching.

Design: “...[it] specifies the relationship of theories of language and learning to both the form and function of instructional materials and activities in instructional settings.”

Procedure: “...[it] comprises the classroom techniques and practices that are consequences of particular approaches and designs.”

APPROACHES GRAMMAR-TRANSLATION APROACH ORAL APPROACH STRUCTURAL APPROACH AUDIO-LINGUAL APPROACH COGNITIVE APPROACH COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH NATURAL APPROACH HUMANISTIC APPROACH

METHODS 1. TRADITIONAL METHOD (GRAMMAR-TRANSLATION METHOD). 2. DIRECT METHOD. 3. AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD. 4. COMMUNICATIVE METHOD. 7. TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE. 8. SUGGESTOPEDIA. 9. TASK-BASED LEARNING. 10. CONTENT-BASED LEARNING. 11. MULTIMEDIA/CALL METHODS. 12. MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES METHODS. 13. OTHER METHODS.