Chapter 10 -Planning and Cabling Networks Modified by Profs. Chen and Cappellino

Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:  Identify the basic network media required to make a LAN connection.  Identify the types of connections for intermediate and end device connections in a LAN.  Identify the pinout configurations for straight-through and crossover cables.  Identify the different cabling types, standards, and ports used for WAN connections.  Define the role of device management connections when using Cisco equipment.  Design an addressing scheme for an internetwork and assign ranges for hosts, network devices, and the router interface.  Compare and contrast the importance of network designs.

LAN Device: Router Routers are the primary devices ______ ____________________________  ______________ on a router ___________ ________________________  Routers ___________________________ ___________________________  Routers used to interconnect networks that use different technologies.  Routers can have ___________________ interfaces. __________ interfaces allow routers to connect to the LAN media.  Usually via _____________, but modules can be added for using fiber-optics.  ___________________________________ connecting the LAN to other networks.

Intranetwork Devices LAN Device: Hub and switch Hub  A _________________________________________________ over all ports.  The ports use a ____________________ approach May have reduced performance in the LAN due to collisions and recovery.  Multiple hubs can be interconnected but they remain a ______________ ______________________________  Less expensive than a switch  A hub is typically chosen as an intermediary device within a small LAN Switch  A switch ________________________________________________ _______________________________________  Switch is used to segment a network into _______________________.  Switch _______________________________ Each _________ on the switch creates a _______________________  Switch provides __________________________________  Switch can also be used to interconnect segments of different speeds.  Switch has many ____________________________ or can be used right out of the box

Device Selection Factors To meet user requirements ______________ ___________, a LAN needs to be planned and designed. Some factors to consider:  Cost  Speed and Types of Ports/Interfaces  Expandability  Manageability  Additional Features and Services Two topics in Switch selection will be explored:  Cost  Interface/Port characteristics

Switch Selection Factors : Cost The cost of a switch is determined by its capacity and features  Example: the switching speed, network management capabilities, embedded security technologies, etc. Another cost consideration is how much to __________________  _____________________________ ________________________________ ______________________________  We can provide a secondary central switch to operate concurrently with the primary central switch.  We can also provide additional cabling to provide multiple interconnections between the switches.

Switch Selection: Speed and Types of Ports/Interfaces Newer computers with built-in 10/100/1000 Mbps NICs are available. Best to choose a Layer 2 devices that can accommodate increased speeds and _____ _______________________ without replacing the central devices. Consider _______________, _______ UTP and/or fiber, ___________ capability of ports

Router Selection Factors Cost  Routers can be expensive _________________________________ _______________________ (like fiber-optics) and other features. Interface types Expandability  Routers come in both _________________________________ ________ configurations have a _______________ and type of ports. _______________________________ that provide the flexibility to add new modules as requirements evolve  come with a basic number of fixed ports as well as expansion slots. Media Router’s Operating System Features  Depending on the version of the OS, the router can support certain features and services such as: Security Quality of Service (QoS) Routing multiple Layer 3 protocols Services such as NAT and DHCP There are other features as well…

LAN cabling- 4 areas to consider 1. ______________  Location of the end devices and individual users.  Uses patch cables to connect individual devices to wall jacks.  Straight-through cable is the most common patch cable used. 2. Distribution cabling AKA ______ ______________________  Refers to the ___________________________ _________________________ in the work area. According to standards, maximum length for a cable ________________________________________ Known as the permanent link because it is installed in the building structure.

LAN cabling- 4 areas to consider 3. Telecommunications room AKA _____________________________  Contains - _____________________, and data service units (DSUs) - that tie the network together.  _______________________________________  In many organizations, the telecommunications room also contains the _____________________. 4. ___________________________ ___________________________  Refers to the cabling used to _____________ ___________________________, where the servers are often located.  Also can _______________________________ ______________________ throughout the facility.  Sometimes routed outside the building to the WAN connection or ISP.  Backbones typically require high bandwidth media such as fiber-optic cabling to handle high traffic loads

Total Cable Length: 100 meters For UTP installations, the TIA/EIA- 568 standard specifies that the _________________ of cable- spanning __________________ __________ is limited to a _________ distance of _________  Standard states a patch cable max of __________ from patch panel to switch/hub a patch cable max of ________ from the device to the termination point on wall (wall receptacle) Standard also specifies a backbone maximum of between 90m – 3000m depending on media

LAN and WAN – Types of Media Choosing the cables necessary to make a successful LAN or WAN connection requires consideration of the different media types.  What are the different media types we’ve talked about? Each media type has its advantages and disadvantages:  Cable length  Cost  Bandwidth  Ease of installation  Susceptible to EMI/RFI

Media type considerations… ______________________ - total length of cable required to connect a device  For example, UTP cabling for Ethernet, it has the recommended maximum distance of 90 (100) meters.  Fiber-optic cables may provide a greater cabling distance-up to 500 meters to a few kilometers  _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________ The ________________, the more __________________ Cabling distance is a significant factor in data signal performance. ____ although fiber provides greater bandwidth than UTP, the material and installation costs are significantly higher. ____________________ different devices have different bandwidth considerations  A fiber cable may be a logical choice for a server connection which generally has a need for more bandwidth than a computer dedicated to a single user.  Wireless is supporting huge increases in bandwidth, but it has limitations in distance and power consumption.

LAN and WAN – Getting Connected Ease of Installation- varies according to cable type, building architecture etc.  ____________ an ___________________________ _____________________________  __________________________________, _________ devices, such as access points, to the _____________ Requires more careful planning and testing. Many external factors, such as other radio frequency devices and building construction, that can effect its operation. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)/Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)  Interference can be produced by electrical machines, lightning, and other communications devices, including radio equipment.  Fiber cable is the best choice. Why?  Wireless is the medium _____________________

Making LAN Connections: RJ-45 connector UTP cabling connections are specified by the Telecommunications Industry Association/ Electronics Industry Alliance (_____________) The RJ-45 connector is the male component and is crimped on the end of the cable.

Straight-through UTP Cables For two directly connected devices to communicate, the __________ ____________________ needs to be _____________ to the _______ ___________________________ A straight-through cable has connectors on each end that are terminated the same in accordance with either the T568A or T568B standards. Use straight-through cables when ____________________________ ______________________  What are some examples?

Crossover UTP Cables Crossover cables ________________ ___________________________  The cable must be terminated so the _________________, taking the signal from device A at one end, is __________ ___________, on device B and vice-versa To create the crossover, one end must be terminated as EIA/TIA _________ pinout, and the other end terminated with ______________ pinout. What are some examples of when a crossover cable would be used? FYI: Some newer devices may either auto-sense the required cable type or allow it to be configured

Console cables AKA Rollover cables To initially configure the Cisco device, a _______________________________________ ____________________________________  On Cisco equipment, configuration is done via a ___________________________________ The cable used between a terminal (computer) and a console port is a __________________, with RJ-45 connectors. The pinout for a rollover is exactly opposite on each end of the cable

Making WAN Connections WAN links can span extremely long distances- even across the globe Wide area connections between networks take a number of forms, including:  Telephone line RJ11 connectors for dialup or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connections  60 pin Serial connections Cisco routers in our lab connect using one of two types of physical serial cables.  The first cable type has a ____________ _____________________________  The second type is a ______________ version and has a __________________ The other end of the cable is used as a V.35 connection to a Physical layer device such as a CSU/DSU.

Making WAN Connections: DCE and DTE Data Communications Equipment (_____________) –  Provides a _______________________  ____________________________ used to synchronize date transmission between DCE and DTE devices  It is at the WAN access provider end of the link. Generally, the _____________________ service that synchronizes the transmitted signal. Data Terminal Equipment (____________________) –   It ______________________________ and adjusts accordingly.  It is at the _____________________________ end of the link.  If a serial connection is made directly to a service provider or to a device that provides signal clocking such as a CSU/DSU, the router is the DTE and will use a DTE serial cable. NOTE: in our _________, one local ________________ ________ and will therefore connect to the WAN using a DCE cable.

Making WAN Connections- In lab When making WAN connections between two routers in a lab environment, connect two routers with a serial cable to simulate a point-to-point WAN link.  One router is going to be in control of clocking.  ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ _______________________

How Many Hosts in the Network? To develop an addressing scheme for a network, start with determining the ____________________________________  The end devices requiring an IP address include (consider the future ): Other end devices such as __________, IP phones, and IP cameras  Network devices requiring an IP address include (consider the future ):  Network devices requiring an IP address for management include (consider the future ): Next, determine if all hosts will be part of the same network, or whether the network as a whole will be divided into separate subnets.  Review: How is the number of hosts on one network or subnet calculated? We need to come up with the total number of host- present and future One per populated interface One per device

How Many Networks? Reasons to divide a network into subnets:  ____________________ - Create smaller broadcast domains  _________________________________ - Consolidate users with specific network requirements to one subnet.  _________________ - Different levels of network security can be implemented based on network addresses. Counting the Subnets  __________, as a physical network segment, _______________ __________________________ for that subnet. Each connection off a router’s interface is a separate subnet.  What is the formula used to calculate the number of subnets? Subnet Masks  Apply a unique subnet and subnet mask for each physical segment  Figure the range of usable host addresses for each subnet

Designing the Address Standard for our Internetwork It is good practice to use ____________________ ____________________ across all subnets  For example, when assigning an IP address to a router interface that is the gateway for a LAN, it is common practice to use either the first (lowest) or last (highest) address within the subnet range. Similarly, using a consistent pattern within subnets makes __________________________________  For example addresses within the range always represent the general users. See next slide for additional examples on our sample topology… Important note: remember to _______________ ________________________ on paper.

Example of an address pattern:  FYI: some of the different categories for hosts are: –General users –Special users –Network resources –Router LAN interfaces –Router WAN links –Management access

Calculating Addresses The curriculum goes step-by-step through an example in section They discuss the number of LAN’s needed and hosts per LAN and WAN They then go through allocating addresses using VLSM and a non-VLSM method Please step through that example very carefully and come in with any questions.  VLSM should be review for you… Following we will go through example Case #2

Calculating Addresses: Case 2 In this scenario we want to subnet this internetwork while limiting the number of wasted hosts and subnets. The figure shows _____different subnets, each with different host requirements. The given IP address is /24. The host requirements are:  NetworkA - 14 hosts  NetworkB - 28 hosts  NetworkC - 2 hosts  NetworkD - 7 hosts  NetworkE - 28 hosts

Let’s solve this challenge together… First – shall we use VLSM or the non-VLSM method? And why? Second- with which network should be start? Let’s get started….

Calculating Addresses: Case 2 As we did with Case 1, we begin the process by subnetting for the _______________________ In this case, the __________requirements are for ____________________________________  For networks ___________ are borrowed from the ____________ and the calculation is 2^5 =  This allows _____________________________  Network B will use Subnet 0: Host address range  Network E will use Subnet 1: Host address range The __________________________, followed by ________________________  Network ___ will use Subnet 0: Host address range  Network ____ will use Subnet 1: Host address range Network_____ has _____________________  Network C will use Subnet 1: Host address range  The host requirements are: –NetworkA - 14 hosts –NetworkB - 28 hosts –NetworkC - 2 hosts –NetworkD - 7 hosts –NetworkE - 28 hosts

Device Interfaces Note: Cisco devices, routers, and switches have several types of _____________________________ _____________________________________  The Ethernet interface is used for connecting cables that terminate with LAN devices such as computers and switches.  Several conventions for naming Ethernet interfaces, including AUI (older Cisco devices), ____________________________ ______________________________________________  Serial interfaces are used for connecting WAN devices to the CSU/DSU.  For lab, we will make a ___________________________________, and ________________________________________  Like all populated LAN interfaces, the WAN interfaces are assigned _____________________________ ______________________________________  The console interface (port) is the interface for ___________________.  Also used for _____________________________  Reminder: Physical security of network devices is extremely important. Auxiliary (______________) Interface  This interface is used for remote ______________________________.  Typically, a modem is connected to the AUX interface for dial-in access.

Making the Device Management Connection Networking devices do not have their own monitors, keyboards, etc.  Accessing a network device for configuration, verification, or troubleshooting is made via a connection between the _______________________________ To enable this connection, the computer runs a program called a ________________________  _____________________ that allows a computer to ____________________________________  Allows a person to use the display and keyboard on one computer to operate another device  The cable connection between the computer running the terminal emulation program and the device is often made via the ___________________________

Making the Device Management Connection To connect to a router or switch, to a computer, for device management using terminal emulation, follow these steps: Step 1:  Connect a computer to the console port using _________ The console cable, has a DB-9 connector on one end and an RJ- 45 connector on the other end.  Many newer computers do not have an serial interface. You can use a USB-to-serial cable to access the console port. Step 2:  For the purpose of this course, use _______________ as our terminal emulation program. Found under All Programs > Accessories > Communications. Select HyperTerminal.  Open HyperTerminal, configure the port with these settings: Bits per second: 9600 bps Data bits: 8 Parity: None Stop bits: 1 Flow control: None Step 3:  Log in to the router using the terminal emulator software.  You can __________________________