Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface.

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Presentation transcript:

Cold advection Radiational cooling of clouds Solar heating of Earth’s surface Warm air advection at surface Air moving over a warm surface

LIFTING OF ENTIRE AIRMASS

Rainshadow

Q. Why are cloud droplets larger over the ocean?

Most collide on forward edge Some collide on backside Terminal velocity: Almost 10 m/s

Q. Why can a cumuliform cloud produce heavier precipitation than a stratiform cloud?

Supercooled water droplets

Ice forms directly on ice nuclei Promote freezing of supercooled droplets (contact nuclei)

Higher saturation vapour pressure Ice crystals grow at the expense of water droplets

Riming causes snow pellets (graupel) -supercooled droplets freeze on contact Snowflakes form through aggregation

Source: Desert Research Institute, Nevada, USA Source: North Dakota Cloud Modification Project, USA

Remember the paper cup experiment