What’s the big deal about something very small? The Business of Nano David Kazmer Univ. Mass. Lowell May 17, 2005

Agenda Introduction to Nano-Scale Technology Univ. Mass. Lowell Center for High Rate Nanomanufacturing Nanomanufacturing Center of Excellence

How Small is the Nano Scale? Macro Micro Nano (6’ 6” tall)

Why the Hype about Nanotechnology? Excitement about technology At the nanoscale, objects behave differently than they do in the bulk Result: new devices and materials with impact in all sectors of technology, from medical to electronic Expansion of knowledge base Better comprehension of nature and life Improved healthcare Extended life-spans, better quality of life Sustainability Agriculture, food, water, energy, materials, and environment e.g., energy reduction ~ $100 B/y

Nano Products and more…

Why Nanotechnology? New technologies/products: ~$1 trillion/year by 2015 SectorImpact ($B/year) Materials beyond chemistry 340 Electronics> 300 Pharmaceuticals 180 Chemicals (catalysts) 100 Aerospace ~70 Tools ~22 New jobs: ~2 million nanotechnology workers from M. C. Roco, National Science Foundation

Investment in Nanotechnology 2003: $774 M : $884 M 1 Invested in Science Manufacturing (science) Societal impact of nanotechnology 1 M. C. Roco, National Science Foundation

What is Nanoscience? IBM STM manipulation of atoms 1989 AFM 1986 AFM manipulation of a SWNT 1999 Molecular logic gate 2002 STM 1981 Manipulation of few atoms and nanoparticles Past and present: CHNCHN

What is Nanomanufacturing? Biosensor Memory device Templates High rate High volume Reliability Manipulation of billions of atoms and nanoparticles 2005 Informed public and workforce Environmentally benign processes Future: CHNCHN

What are the Critical Barriers to Nanomanufacturing? Barrier 1. How can we assemble different nanoelements without physically picking them up and placing them? Barrier 2. How can we manufacture nanoscale structures in a continuous or high-rate (economically- viable) manner? Barrier 3. How can we test for reliability? How can we efficiently detect and remove defects? Barrier 4. Do nanoproducts and processes require new economic, environmental, and ethical/regulatory assessment and new socially-accepted values?

The Path to Commercialization Small-scale fab Nanoscience Scientific discovery, basic theory, test hypotheses Nanomanufacturing Science Process science (models, discovery of process methods, reliability theory, enabling tools) Fundamental science focused on manufacturing Nanomanufacturing Center of Excellence Product Prototypes, Scalable processes Specific product process development, “prototype” products UNDER REALISTIC PROCESSES Process Scale up Short production runs, debug scale up NSF NSEC Center for High Rate Nanomanufacturing CHN

Director: Ahmed Busnaina, NEU, Deputy Director: Joey Mead, UML Associate Directors: Carol Barry, UML; Nick McGruer, NEU; Glen Miller, UNH Task Leader: David Tomanek, MSU Outreach Universities: Michigan State University Collaboration and Outreach: Museum of Science-Boston, City College of New York, Hampton University, Rice University, ETH, Aachen University, Hanyang University, Inji University, The Korean Center for Nanoscale Mechatronics and Manufacturing (CNMM), Taipei University, Himeji Institute Of Technology LOWELL The Center for High Rate Nanomanufacturing CHNCHN

What is an NSEC? Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center 14 funded by National Science Foundation Nanomanufacturing Northeastern U/ U Massachusetts Lowell/ U New Hampshire UCLA/UC-Berkeley (NM - lithography) U Illinois – Urbana-Champaign (NM – fluidics) Nanoscience University of California – Berkeley Ohio State University University of Pennsylvania Stanford University University of Wisconsin – Madison Northwestern U Harvard U Columbia U Cornell U RPI Rice U

Team Strength and Synergy New paradigm Three equal partners Complementary strengths Research cluster New innovations from merging of different disciplines Manufacturing expertise Within an hour drive NEU MEMS and nanoscale contamination control UNH Synthesis and self– assembly UML Polymer processing CHNCHN

Partnerships Facilities Researchers Students Faculty Researchers Students Faculty Researchers Students Industry Wolfe Laboratories, Inc. Universities and other Outreach HAMPTON UNIVERSITY Government Labs CHNCHN

Proof-of-Concept Testbeds Research Drivers Biosensor Partner: Triton Systems FDA testing on functionalized nanoparticles for cancer tumors with UML faculty Nanotube Memory Device Partner: Nantero Making nanoelectronic devices using carbon nanotubes True manufacturing success and product realization will not occur without strong industry partnership at inception

CHN Facilities Semiconductor Fabrication (8,000 ft 2 +) Full 6” wafer fab facility and e-beam nanolithography Plastics Processing (40,000 ft 2 +) Plastics compounding and forming equipment Substrate Synthesis and Surface Functionalization (10,000 ft 2 +) Fully-equipped synthetic laboratories Characterization Electrical, and mechanical Characterization - FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR, DSC, TMA, DMA, DEA Analysis - STM/AFM, NSOM, SIMS, SEM, TEM, XRD, AEM, XPS Microcontamination Surface scanner, particle counters (L,G), cleaning stations, Zeta meter

Curriculum Development Teachers as Researchers Symposia K-12 Outreach Programs Nanomanufacturing Outreach Colloquia Workshops Nano Courses K-12 Students K-12 Teachers Undergraduate Students Researchers General Public Industry Nano Courses UG Research Industry-based Projects Industrial Co-ops and Internships (600 employers) Museum of Science (Boston) CHNCHN

The Path to Commercialization Small-scale fab Nanoscience Scientific discovery, basic theory, test hypotheses Nanomanufacturing Science Process science (models, discovery of process methods, reliability theory, enabling tools) Fundamental science focused on manufacturing Nanomanufacturing Center of Excellence Product Prototypes, Scalable processes Specific product process development, “prototype” products UNDER REALISTIC PROCESSES Process Scale up Short production runs, debug scale up NSF NSEC Center for High Rate Nanomanufacturing CHN

Nanomanufacturing Center of Excellence

Mission Develop the knowledge, capabilities, and workforce for the future growth of MA and US industry through expertise in: High-rate, high-yield processes that utilize the unique nanoscale mechanisms of polymers and polymer composites Concurrent consideration of environmental, health and safety, and societal impact

New Nanomanufacturing Infrastructure 10 new faculty over next two years Expanded materials characterization facilities Facilities renovations Clean room space Processing laboratory New building Nanomanufacturing Center at UML

Nanoscale Polymer Processing Polymer nanocomposites Electrospun fibers Films Molded (three-dimensional) structures

Polymer Nanocomposites Objective: disperse nanoparticles in a polymer Good dispersion gives better properties with less filler C. Thellen, M.S. Thesis, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 2003 (advisor: C. Barry)

Electrospun Fibers Result: non-woven mat eSpin Applications Filter media Tissue scaffolding

Multilayer Coextrusion Objective: extrude multilayer laminates with hundreds or thousands of uniform layers Control interfacial instabilities 1 st 3 rd 2 nd 4 th K. Ho and B. Ghumman (advisors: C. Barry and J. Mead) h i < 500 nm

Molded Nanostructures Objective: control replication of molded three- dimensional nanoscale features tooling Injection molding parts S. Yoon, C. Srirojypinyo (advisor: C. Barry)

Applications Improved stiffness and better paint adhesion in auto panels with clay loading of ~5% air clay platelets polymer Better barrier properties (and longer “shelf” life) for tennis balls, tires, MREs, other packaging Flame retardant for plastics Replacement for bromine- based compounds? Enhanced wear resistance in fibers

Applications High-rate manufacturing of Biochips Lab-on-a-chip devices Filters Electronics

Nanomanufacturing at UML Continuing the tradition of manufacturing excellence in Lowell region Education Research Service to industry and the community