Periods of English Old English (ca ): Beowulf

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Presentation transcript:

Periods of English Old English (ca. 450-1100): Beowulf 1066: Norman Conquest of England Middle English (ca. 1100-1500): Chaucer 1476: First book printed in England 1485: Battle of Bosworth Field (beginning of Tudor monarchy) Early Modern English (ca. 1500-1700): Shakespeare, Spenser, Milton Modern English (ca. 1700-present)

The Anglo-Saxon Migrations

Anglo-Saxon England

Bayeux Tapestry: Viking Ship

Bayeux Tapestry: harold dux reversvs est (Chief Harold is driven back)

Bayeux Tapestry: harold rex interfectus est (King Harold gets killed)

Bayeux Tapestry: Isti mirant stella (they wonder at the star)

Pre-Christian Germanic Vocabulary OE geol Yule → Christmas OE eostor Easter (Lat. Pascha, Fr. Paques) Tuesday (Tiw = Mars) Fr. Mardi Wednesday (Woden = Mercury) Fr. Mercredi Thursday (Thor = Jove) Fr. Jeudi Friday (Frigg = Venus) Fr. Vendredi

Ruthwell Cross

Sutton Hoo Ship Burial

Sutton Hoo Shield Mount

Sutton Hoo Helmet

Sutton Hoo Belt Buckle

Anglo-Saxon Brooch

Anglo-Saxon Coin with King Edwin

Anglo-Saxon Coin with King Æthelræd

The Alfred Jewel ælfred mec heht gewyrhtan (Alfred had me made)

The Anglo-Saxon Futhark (Runic Alphabet)

Scandinavian Sinker with Runes

10th-century glossary: fish and insects (Latin/English)

Anglo-Saxon glossed manuscript (Latin script, Old English gloss (fuisse, werun, were; euangelia, godspellas, gospels)

Lindisfarne Gospels - Carpet Page

Lindisfarne Gospels: Gospel of St. Matthew (Liber Generationis)

Hwæt, we Gardena in geardagum, †eodcyninga, †rym gefrunon, hu ∂a æ†elingas ellen gefremedon. Oft Scyld Scefing scea†ena †reatum, monegum mæg†um, meodosetla ofteah, egsode eorlas. Sy∂∂an ærest wear∂ feasceaft funden, he †æs frofre gebad, weox under wolcnum weor∂myndum †ah, o∂†æt him æghwylc †ara ymbsittendra ofer hronrade hyran scolde, gomban gyldan. ˇæt wæs god cyning! So. The Spear-Danes in days gone by and the kings who ruled them had courage and greatness. We have heard of those princes’ heroic campaigns. There was Shield Sheafson, scourge of many tribes, a wrecker of mead-benches, rampaging among foes. This terror of the hall-troops had come far. A foundling to start with, he would flourish later on as his powers waxed and his worth was proved. In the end each clan on the outlying coasts beyond the whale-road had to yield to him and begin to pay tribute. That was one good king.

The Utrecht Psalter (9th century)

Utrecht Psalter again

Widsith (‘Far Traveller’) from the Exeter Book (10th century)

The Old English Genesis: Adam and Eve get the boot