The Metamodel Framework Standard for Interoperability: (ISO/EC19763) Study Period Meeting, Clearwater, FL, Jan. 05, 2007. JTC1 SC32N1635 Database requirements to support MFI: Next Stage of The Metamodel Framework Standard for Interoperability: (ISO/EC19763) Hajime HORIUCHI ISO/IEC JTC1 SC32WG2, Tokyo International University hori@tiu.ac.jp

Topics 1. Current Status of MFI (ISO/IEC 19763) Series of Standards 2. Expectations to MFI 3. What are needed 4. Requirements for DB technology 5. Other Issues

Metamodel Framework for Interoperability ISO/IEC 19763 Meta Modeling Facility (MOF) Defining Facility (ISO11179 MDR) ISO/IEC19763 Part-1：　Reference Model Part-2：　Core model Part-3：　MM for Ontology Parｔ-4:　MM　for Model Mapping Ｃｏｒｅ　ｍｏｄｅｌ　ｏｆ　 Meta Model Frameworks Metamodel for Ontology Metamodel for Model Mapping Common Identification & Classification Metamodel for Model Constructs Mapping Rules metadata Mapping Targets Codes Value Domains Sharable model Patterns 　　　　MOF and ODM (OMG) Model Mapping Common Modeling Facility (UML) Common　Model Constructs

Metamodel Framework Architecture MOF Model inherit Core Model inherit MFI M2 Metamodel Metamodels describe Domain Models Common Data M1 Modeling Element Facility use Object Patterns refer Modeling Constructs M0　 Values Real World Concept

Reference Model (Part-1) MFI structure Registration Procedure <<extension>> Ontology Evolution Specific metamodel for the mapping, defined on the core model Model Mapping (Part-4) Model constructs Registration Ontology Registration (Part-3) Specific metamodels defined on the core model Core model (Par-2) Provides model registration mechanism as metamodel Reference Model (Part-1) Defines over all concept of MFI

Latest Status of MFI Standards ISO/IEC19763 : Information technology: Metamodel framework for interoperability Part 1:Reference model Part-3: Metamodel for ontology registration  IS published on February 1st, 2007 Part-2: Core model 2ndFCD, FDIS expected by July 2007 Part-4: Metamodel for model mapping 2nCD,  FCD expected by July 2007

MOF Model (M3 layer)

ISO/IEC 19763-2 : Core Model (Overview)

EX: Registration of Model Concept Upper Model Model Type Model Domain Profile Classifier Model Concept Model Sign Model Selection Model Instance Attachment A Model XMI schema Target of registration Model Specification Document

Relationships are not in one type W Z Type - Instance Syntax - Expression Super - Sub X V Base -Variant

How to represent relationships ISO/IEC 19763-2 : Framework for Metamodel Framework for Interoperability: Core Model Upper Model Type and Instance Super and Sub Base and Variant Abstract Syntax and Expression Target Model

MOF and MFI Core M3 Layer M2 Layer Target Models

Common facility of MDR(ISO/IEC11179) ISO/IEC19763-3 Metamodel for ontology registration MOF MFI-2 MFI Core model MDR standards ODM MFI-3 Metamodel for Ontology Registration Metamodel for MDR(ISO/IEC11179) Metamodel for Metamodel for DL Metamodel for OWL registration Administration Record Describe Data Elements Terminology Basic Classes Basic Relationship Any Ontology 　　 Ontology　by ODM

Key Objectives of MFI-3 Admi. Info Upper Ontology or Existing Ontology Concept） Reference Ontology Registry Admi. Info Local Ontology Concept） Concept） Concept） Concept） Concept） Concept） Concept）

MFI Ontology Registration structure Administrative information etc. corresponding to Example_Ontology corresponding to each of Buyer has.Creditrating(Tony) Buyer(Tony) Creditrating(Credit-A) corresponding to of each Buyer has Creditrating Tony Ontology +administrative info. Ontology Component +administrative info Ontology Atomic Construct MFI Ontology Registration Actual Ontology Sentence Symbol reference consistOf use

ODM（Ontology Descriptive Metamodel） MOF compliant Ontology Description Metamodel Metamodels for OWL（Web　Ontology Language）,DL（Description Language）, CL（Common Logic）, etc. RDF Schema M3 Meta-meta model (MOF) M2 Mapping Other UML profile Ontology UML profile ODM OWL OWL M1 Models

Expectations to MFI

NRR: National Repository & Registry Role of MFI NRR NRR:　National Repository　& Registry International Industry specific Models Industry specific Models Inter-Company Company A Company B Model Web system Intra-Company システム開発 ツール アプリケーションシステム System Dev. Tools Application System

LCDM Project in Construction Industry of Japan Road Road Disaster River Disaster River Weather Traffic Weather Traffic さらに、災害時等において、国民は自宅周辺の情報が必要となるが、それが現状では、個々のデータ提供者のホームページにアクセスしないと全容を把握できないという状況になっている。このような状況を解決するためにも、個々のデータ管理者が保有している情報が標準化されていれば、一カ所にアクセスすることでまとめて必要な情報を入手するという環境も整備できることになる。 Standard Where is my home LCDM Platform Address? Place? Point? Location? Data Integration Citizen

Industrial Expectation System Integrator Management MFI Registry ERP Vender Planer Real World Business process Requirement ASP Venders Programmer Model DBMS Venders System Function Program Web Service Venders Project Management

Registry Federation Hong-Kong CC/BIE KIEC CC/BIE ECOM CC/BIE UN/CEFACT Automobile Transport Trading Construction 物流CC/BIE 自動車CC/BIE Iron Steel 貿易CC/BIE 建設CC/BIE 鉄鋼CC/BIE 流通CC/BIE Hong-Kong CC/BIE KIEC CC/BIE ECOM CC/BIE UN/CEFACT TBG ＆ ICG/ATG ISO/IEC SC32 + eAC Ad-Hoc Project ebXML Asia Registry

Common Platform for EC (ECOM Japan) Software Vender ASP Collaboration Interoperation Common Registry As Platform 流通業界 標準 COXEC 標準 System Collaboration Transmission Protocol YYY 標準 XXX 標準 Business Information Operation Representation ECALGA 標準 自動車業界 標準 UN/CEFACT標準 Korea St Taiwan ST China ST

MFI-New Parts under the Study http://www.tiu.ac.jp/org/forum-01/index.files/Page694.html

Works in the Study A Metamodel for Ontology evolution and maintenance are under discussions as a part of MFI-3 (2nd Edition of MFI-3) A metamodel for the process registration (process ontology) is also discussed in the SC32WG2. OWL-S or PSL(ISO) are being investigated.

Ontology Evolution (Candidate of 2ndED 19763 Part-3) Keqing He and Yangfang He, Wuhan Univ. China

Basic resolution provided by MFI-3 Ontology engineer We need some measures to resolve the conflicts Domain experts We need add class A, remove individual i… Information system engineer We need keep class B, individual i… Possible conflict ! Change Closure Consistency Closure Evolution Strategy Final Change Set ontology

Key Problems How to registrate ontologies? What kind of change can be identified and described by MFI-3? How to realign the dependent ontologies during the evolution process? How to keep the evolution information about ontologies

Our Solution (1/2) How to registrate ontologies? What kind of change can be identified and described by MFI-3? How to realign the dependent ontologies during the evolution process? How to keep the evolution information about ontologies Kernel Model Change Model Constraint Model Change Propagation Model Evolution Information Model

Our solution (2/2)

Differences from DB Schema evolution “Ontology Evolution: Not same as the schema evolution” , Natalya F.Noy, Michel Klein Ontologies are data too Ontology themselves incorporate semantics Class and instances can be the same Etc.

Comment at the Wuhan meeting WD (Working Draft ) should be prepared by the NY meeting, July 2007.

Process Registration (Candidate of a new part of 19763) Keqing He and Wang Chong, Wuhan Univ., China

“process” & “process model” Process is defined as a set of work items, scheduled according to constraints, which all participate in fulfilling at a common purpose. [Breton and Bezivin 2001] transformation of input to output. [ISO 1995] one or more activities that occurs over a period of time in which objects participate. [ISO 18629] Process model can be regarded as the product of process modeling.

Taxonomy of Processes Domain specific processes Software Process -In house Business process (Accounting, AR/AP) -Between Enterprises (Collaboration) -Industrial specific: Healthcare, Manufacturing, Software Process Dynamic aspect  A part of an ontology Ontology migration process Registration process

Type of Process Model PSL, Upper Ontology or Abstract Syntx Modeling Patters BPMN MIT HB Collaboration Notation Model Contents UN/CEFACT BCF Metamodel Methodology UML IDEF 3 EXpress CPFR, ARTS UMM

Comparative Analysis MIT HB PSL OWL-S SPEM BPMN UMM IDEF3+5 HL7 CPFR X Upper Ontology X Pattern Metamodel Notation OWL Profile Method Collaboration of Process Contents Registration

Related work PSL (ISO 18629) IDEF-3 BPMN BPEL4WS OWL-s …… a language enabling interoperability of process information among industrial applications. IDEF-3 captures process details. BPMN defines modeling notation for modeling business process. BPEL4WS provides a means of specifying the interaction of cooperating services. OWL-s define an ontology to describe the interface a service provides to the “outside world”. only for Web Services ……

Process Ontology Ontology(t2) = processX (Ontologyt(t1)) t1 t2

Why we need MFI-5 Web service Business process one of the important resources on the semantic web. characterized with dynamic features. Business process interoperation and cooperation within/across the enterprises MFI family focuses on the static resources on the web MFI Core provides a very generic framework for various models. MFI4Onto aims to the structure and semantics of ontology A new part is needed to meet the requirements of dynamic resources (web services, business process etc.) on the semantic web process model registration process model integration with semantics construction of customized services/process model

Scope of MFI-5 (1/2) MFI-5 PSL IDEF-3 … Objective Provide a metamodel to register process models, including business process model and web service. Focus on the relationship between process model described with different process description languages, especially the composite process consists of subprocesses expressed in different languages. Promote semantic interoperation between various process models on the semantic web. MFI-5 PSL IDEF-3 …

Scope of MFI-5 (2/2) What to do What not to do Structural information of process model Which subprocesses are contained in process model Which artifact participate in fulfilling the common purpose Semantic constraints of process model Semantic relation/contradiction between artifacts Order Mandatory sequence Precondition and postcondition User-defined constraints …… What not to do Language specific details Implementation level details

MFI Core & MFI-5 From MFI Core

Basic idea of MFI-5(1/2) Base Model is proposed to register structure information of various process models Goal: the purpose that should be archived by fulfilling the process model Role: the actor who interact with the process Artifact: the resources that participate in the process Order: specifies the sequence of a composite process

Base Model

Basic idea of MFI-5(2/2) Process Control Model is defined to record three kinds of control constraints in process models Sequence control Specify the sequence followed by the subprocesses Object control Restrict the semantic relations between artifacts and avoid possible semantic inconsistency Support semantic interoperation between process models based on ontology User-defined control

Process Control Model

OWL-S --Top level of the Process Ontology--

Comments at the meeting More research and investigation should be needed. Is it premature to make it ISO standard? Collaborative work with other group should be initiated.

Requirements for DB Technologies

What are needed in the Future

Level of Interoperation David Carney, Patricia Oberndorf Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213 {djc, po}@sei.cmu.edu

Another View of the Interoperation Service base Interoperation Semantic base Interoperation SOAP, UDDI, BPMN, RDF, OWL, SPARQl, Model base Interoperation UML, MOF, XML, XQUERY Object base Interoperation SQL, MDR, IRDS Data base Interoperation

Integration Data and Objects Text and Semantics Information and Process Model and Ontology Reference and Local Ontologies SNAP and SPAN Ontology

Nature of the modeling “Some customers want to deliver their order by the means they specify” To be modeled UOD UML Common sense ? Software

Multi-meaning

Limitation of modeling モデラー Modeling view モデラー モデラー

Integration of Models Metadata and Ontologies, Metamodel Ontology Terminology Reality Model Information Systems + Web system Metadata Information Instance

Integration of Modeling and Ontology Concept） “person” “Employee” Employee Terminology Term Def.

OMG OUP OUP: Ontology UML Profile Ontology development by UML models OWL based Ontology OUP

Interoperable Models Model Metamodels Common Modeling Language (UML) Modeling Views Common Modeling Language (UML) Model Common Patterns Modeling Constructs Common Metadata Common Ontology Common Classification Common Profiles

Integration of Data and Objects OR Mapping Data Oriented Object Modeling ORL

http://www.agiledata.org/stylesheet/global.css

Other issues

Reliable Common Registries Registration of ISO and major standards The ISO Common Database Procedure (Ontology for ISO standards?) Long Term transaction (5~30 years) Tracking registry change Reliable non profit organization for registry operation

Traceability & Long Term Transaction Consumer Inspection & Certification Lifecycle Products Business Model & Specification Business Business

OMG related Issues for SC32 Current ISO version (ISO/IEC19502) of MOF is MOF1.4 OMG had standardized MOF2.0, UML2.0 MOF2.0 (QVT) should be invited to ISO Some other MOF based metamodel should be invited. ODM SPEM CWM Etc.

Terminology(TC37) related Issues Semantics and metadata are rely upon the terminology definition SC32WG2 has shared issues with TC37

A trial on stock taking standardization Activities for Semantic Interoperations (FYI) ISO/IEC 15944-4 （Open-edi, JTC1 /SC32WG1）　 ISO15000　（ebXML-CC, ISO/TC154） ECCMA(TC184) TC64(Banking) TC215（Health Care） TC127 (Earth Moving Machine) JTC1 SC36 (Learning Metadata) Domain specific terminology, classification & Ontology ISO/IEC20744　（ Common Logic, JTC1/SC32WG1 ） Domain Free terminology, classification & Ontology Descriptive method OWL/RDF (W3C) JTC1/SC34, Topic Map TC37 (Terminology) TC46 （Dublin Core） Registration ISO/IEC19763 (MMF :JTC1 SC32WG2）　 ISO/IEC 15944 （ Open-edi, JTC1 SC32WG1） REACH (EU, Chemical Industry & all related)　

Another Issue for Metadata; Cultivating XMDR + MMF Domain Ontology Semantic elements Extraction Terminology Defining Ontology メタデータ ISO TC37 メタデータ Ontology Metamodel Metadata Registry Existing Registry

Metadata Standardization Activities ISO/IEC JTC1 SC32　 UN/CEFACT OMG ISO TC 37 　　ISO TC 204 Metadata Standardization OASIS Reg/Rep Intelligent Transportation Systems ISO/IEC 11179 MDR Metamodel Framework W3C XML Registry UDDI TC154 E-Commerce　metadata XML,RDF,OWL Terminology SQL Catalog 　　ISO TC 215 Health Informatics ISO TC127 Earth Moving machine ebXML　RIM UBL Dublin Core ISO TC 46 Library metadata ISO TC211 Geographical data HL7 ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36　 Ｌｅａｒｎｉｇ　Ｍｅｔａｄａｔａ　 ISO/IEC JTC1 SC34　 Topic map ebXML MOF, CWM,　ODM

Type of Metadata Standards ebXML Core Component, Dublin Core, RSS Digital Library Image Processing Geographical Map Broad Casting Program Health Care elearning etc Metadata Value ebXML　RIM ISO/IEC19763(MMF) Metadata Instances Registry Representation Administrative Attributes, Storing Structure Representation Language MOF(ISO19502)、 RDF、 OWL、 Topic Map ISO/IEC10728(IRDS） ISO/IEC11179（MDR) ebXML Repository Service XMDR

Subject Areas of Standardization Describing Service Interface Metamodel IRDS, XQuery RDF, OWL IRDS, ebXML RS MOF, 　11179, ebXML RIM Query Concept Meta Information 　Interchange Registration Contents Attributes Format Registration Aspects ebXML CC, Dublin Core IRDS, 11179, ebXML RIM CDIF, XMI, PDES, 　　Common elements MMF Values ISO Codes

History of Metadata Metamodel for Semantic Interoperation 2010 ~ Metamodel for Semantic Interoperation 2000~ Metadata for Semantics Sharing Registry 1990~ Metadata for Information Sharing Repository 1980~ Metadata for Software Developments 1980~ Metadata for DBMS DD/DS 1970~ Metadata for file items Data Dictionary

Thank you 謝々