Matrices. Outline What is a matrix? Size of matrices Addition of matrices Scalar multiplication Matrices multiplication.

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Presentation transcript:

Matrices

Outline What is a matrix? Size of matrices Addition of matrices Scalar multiplication Matrices multiplication

What is a matrix? A matrix is a collection of numbers represented in a tabular format (with rows and columns). Matrices have many uses including encryption, computer graphics, and computer animation

Examples of Matrices

Every Matrix can be Described by its Size Determine the number of rows Determine the number of columns A has 2 rows A has 3 columns A is a 2x3 matrix What is the size of B?

Adding Matrices Rule #1 : You can only add matrices that are the same size Rule #2: Add corresponding locations in the two matrices to create a new matrix with the same size

Examples What is A+B? –Can’t be done A is a 2x3 and B is a 3x2 What is A+D?

Examples What is A+B? –Can’t be done A is a 2x3 and B is a 3x2 What is A+D?

Examples What is A+B? –Can’t be done A is a 2x3 and B is a 3x2 What is A+D? What is A+C? –Can’t be done A is a 2x3 C is a 3x2 What is B+C?

Examples What is A+B? –Can’t be done A is a 2x3 and B is a 3x2 What is A+D? What is A+C? –Can’t be done A is a 2x3 C is a 3x2 What is B+C?

Scalar Multiplication Multiply a single integer (the scalar) times an entire matrix. This works exactly how you think it might, you create a new matrix by multiplying the scalar against each entry of the matrix.

Matrix Multiplication Here we want to multiply two matrices with one another. Rule #1 : You can only multiple two matrices if the number of columns in the first matrix is the same as the number of rows in the second matrix.

Examples Can we multiply A x B? –Yes it is a 2x3 multiplied by a 3x2. The number of columns in the first one (3) matches the number of rows in the second one (3).

Examples Can we multiply D x A? –No it is a 3x3 multiplied by a 2x3. The number of columns in the first one (3) does not match the number of rows in the second one (2).

Examples Can we multiply B x D? –No it is a 3x2 multiplied by a 3x3. The number of columns in the first one (2) does not match the number of rows in the second one (3).

Examples Can we multiply D x B? –Yes is a 3x3 multiplied by a 3x2. The number of columns in the first one (3) matches the number of rows in the second one (3).

Doing the multiplication What is A x B?

Doing the multiplication What is A x B? First rewrite them matrices so that the first one is one the left and the second one is above it but shifted to the right Your answer will be created here

Doing the multiplication What is A x B? Start with the first row on the left matrix and the first column on the above matrix. Multiply the first terms, the second terms, the third terms, etc… and add them together

Doing the multiplication What is A x B? Start with the first row on the left matrix and the first column on the above matrix. Multiply the first terms, the second terms, the third terms, etc… and add them together

Doing the multiplication What is A x B? Start with the first row on the left matrix and the first column on the above matrix. Multiply the first terms, the second terms, the third terms, etc… and add them together 5x6 + 3x x 0 = 30 Place this value in the position in the answer matrix where the row and column intersect.

Doing the multiplication Still with the first row on the matrix on the left, move on to the next column of the above matrix and do it again. 5x1 + 3x1 + -2x-1 = 10 Place the value 10 in the answer matrix where the row and column intersect

Doing the multiplication When you have gone through every column in the above matrix using the first row in the left matrix, then move on the next row of the left matrix and begin the process again.

Doing the multiplication When you have gone through every column in the above matrix using the first row in the left matrix, then move on the next row of the left matrix and begin the process again.

Doing the multiplication When you have gone through every column in the above matrix using the first row in the left matrix, then move on the next row of the left matrix and begin the process again. Repeat until all slots in the answer matrix are filled.

Example What is DxB?

Examples What is DxB?

Examples What is DxB?

Try a few on your own. What is AxC? What is CxA? What is AxD? What is DxA?