1 History Recap Scott Matthews / Lecture 2

Administrative Issues  How are we doing on seats? Recheck list.  Please sign paper going around and circle or add your name Lecture 1:2

3 TAs: Shaz Attari, Mike Blackhurst  Contact info coming on syllabus / web page  When should office hours be?  HWs generally due on Wednesdays

Lecture 1:4 Definitions  Sustainability  Sustainable “X”  Green / Green “X”  Green Engineering  Sustainable Engineering ...

Sustainable Engineering from CSE website  Engineering for human development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs  Using methods that minimize environmental damage to provide sufficient food, water, shelter, and mobility for a growing world population  Designing products and processes so that wastes from one are used as inputs to another  Incorporating environmental and social constraints as well as economic considerations into engineering decisions Lecture 1:5

Green Engineering  Anastas: “Achieving sustainability through science and technology”.  “The 12 Principles of Green Engineering provide a framework for scientists and engineers to engage in when designing new materials, products, processes, and systems that are benign to human health and the environment. A design based on these moves beyond baseline engineering quality and safety specifications to consider environmental, economic, and social factors. Lecture 1:6

Resources  Water  Air  Energy  Materials  Natural regeneration (ultimate sink?) Lecture 1:7

Pareto Efficiency  Cliff’s reading discussed need to satiate the rich without compromising the poor/etc  Opportunity Cost Lecture 1:8

Lessons over time  We have been living and dealing with issues relevant to sustainability (and interfering with natural systems intentionally and accidentally) for 5000 years but have not necessarily LEARNED from our experience  Crop mutations by accident/ignorance Lecture 1:9

Interaction of Human and Natural Systems  Progress was seen as triumph over nature  We knew how to smelt metals but did not necessarily have sufficient local resources (eg fuelwood) to do it.  Led to deforestation  Tragedy of the Commons  We were unable as society to cope with drought/flood variations Lecture 1:10

Mesopotamia  Due to various factors, availability of food collapsed, as did population  Over time, we just engineered other systems as backups (they too can fail)  Our continued push was to (re)engineer a solution to every problem  Now we look to understand (all) potential problems and engineer a better Lecture 1:11

Thoughts  Think about the plan/design needed for the pyramids. How would the “plan to build the pyramids” be perceived today?  What was their purpose?  What was the inevitable functional lifetime?  Resources needed (and from where)  Alternatives?  Any recent examples? Same scale? Lecture 1:12

Needs for local / imported resources  Virtual water papers?  Stone age didn’t end because we ran out of stone  Iron age didn’t end because we ran out of iron Lecture 1:13

Our first mega cities  Greek city-states of 100,000+  Now (only 4 in US):  1. Tokyo, Japan - 34,100,000 (1 in 2000!) 2. Mexico City, Mexico - 22,650, Seoul, South Korea - 22,250, New York, United States - 21,850, Sao Paulo, Brazil - 20,200, Mumbai, India - 19,700, Dehli, India - 19,500, Los Angeles, United States - 17,950, Shanghai, China - 17,900, Jakarta, Indonesia - 17,150,000 Lecture 1:14

Effects of big cities  Waste management a bigger problem Lecture 1:15

Aristotle  Natural economy  Un-natural economy (retail, wealth by exchange)  Partly natural (resource extraction) Lecture 1:16