© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0— © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

FWL 1.0—9-2 Module 9 Applications, Design, and Site Survey Preparation

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-3 Overview This module provided the necessary background and knowledge needed prior to performing a site survey. A good site survey will help determine the feasibility of the desired coverage, the radio frequency interference, and the wired connectivity limitations. In preparing for any site survey, an engineer has multiple factors to consider. Some of the major factors to consider include the applications and infrastructure that an institution wants to implement.

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-4 Learning Objectives Identify unexpected obstacles that you may face while performing a site survey. Identify unexpected situations that you may face while performing a site survey. Identify what type of site survey you will be performing prior to arrival at the customer’s site. Obtain information needed to perform the site survey. Determine the customer’s application needs and design a wireless LAN. Identify the equipment needed to build a site survey kit. Determine importance of items included in the site survey kit. Define the purpose of a Pre-Site Survey form.

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-5 Key terms NFPA Spectrum Analyzer Vertical Application Horizontal Application

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-6 Site Survey

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-7 Investigate Customer Requirements

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-8 Site Survey Steps The process of performing a site survey includes the following steps: Gather tools and configuration Research and investigate industry specific concerns Gather the recommended equipment list, or site survey kit Implement the site survey Document the site survey

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-9 LAN Limitations

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-10 Important Considerations It is important for a site survey engineer to accomplish the following: Come prepared to answer questions Dress appropriately Instill a sense of confidence in the customer Wear or carry company credentials Have business cards available Bring the proper equipment

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-11 Applications

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-12 WLAN Applications

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-13 Be Prepared Come prepared to ask and answer questions Instill a sense of confidence in the customer Bring proper equipment

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-14 RF – Yesterday and Today Early adopters of RF technology Vertical markets Mobility Today Vertical and horizontal markets Movability Standards and throughput

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0— GHz vs. 2.4 GHz Higher Education Financial Institutions Enterprise Office Retail Warehousing Transportation Healthcare Manufacturing Hospitality Hospitality 2.4 GHz/802.11b Uses 2.4 GHz/802.11b Uses 5 GHz /802.11a Uses 5 GHz /802.11a Uses X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Both technologies will work in these markets. POPULAR CHOICES

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-16 Retail Early user of RF technology Real-time updates Special events

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-17 Retail (cont.) Large number of users Infrequent use during regular hours Heavy usage during inventory Coverage for loading docks and trailers

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-18 Retail (cont.) Source of interference Inventory items 2.4 and 5 GHz equipment Co-located stores using WLANs Locate access points away from these items on the showroom floor

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-19 Warehousing Multiple Users High usage Inventory Inventory types

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-20 Warehousing (cont.) Talk with warehouse personnel about inventory levels Consult more than one individual

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-21 Warehousing (cont.) Keep in mind while performing the survey: Exposure to the elements Freezers Weatherproof enclosures Shelving Antenna mounting Forklift paths

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-22 Manufacturing Just In Time Warehouse management Quality control Machine control Conveyor belts Chain link fence Machinery High ceilings

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-23 Healthcare Multiple floors Numerous rooms Sensitive equipment Cautious implementation

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-24 Healthcare (cont.) Testing performed by Biomedical Department Cisco Aironet Access Points Industrial Scientific Medical FCC compliance FCC safety Hospital equipment should be built to a standard to avoid RF interference

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-25 Healthcare (cont.) Hospitals house sick people - be prepared to deal with this Be sensitive to areas where you may not be wanted or allowed Do not abuse privileges

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-26 Patients May be required to enter patient rooms Customer service skills a must

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0— D Site Survey Watch out for the “2-D trap” Expect lots of access points Make use of non- overlapping channels Look for trauma or x-ray rooms with lead-lined walls Elevators represent potential “dead zones”

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-28 Aesthetics Antennas are unsightly Patch antenna Diversity Patch Omni Paint antenna

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-29 Interference Electrical devices in hospitals can cause interference SpectraLink phone systems are common Telemetry equipment Know the obstacles

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-30 Hotel/Hospitality Multi-floor construction Numerous rooms Throughput Fewer users per access point

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-31 Hotels/Hospitality (cont.) Security Aesthetics –Older hotel buildings Hard Cap ceiling Poured concrete walls –Newer hotels have drop tile ceilings

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-32 Hot Spots Hot Spot Provider Subscribers Survey not so necessary Effective range feet Provide-agnostic network Public areas Coffee shops, Restaurants, Hotels Airports, Convention Centers, Marinas, Parks Cisco Hot Spot locator link: – bin/cimo/Homehttp:// bin/cimo/Home –

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-33 Education Children are Curious Can be destructive Antennas and access points should hidden to avoid damage

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-34 Education (cont.) Many schools are already equipped with Apple Macintosh PCs Cisco Aironet’s MAC driver only works with Mac OS 9.x Mac OS X 10.1 Workgroup Bridge a possible solution Using Workgroup Bridge leaves equipment exposed

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-35 Small Office Quickly emerging market New solutions being developed

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-36 Enterprise Office 95 Feet 120 Feet Reception Conference Room 54 Cubes—4 Conference Rooms 95 Feet Conference Room 120 Feet Reception Conference Room 2.4 GHz 4 Access Points 5 GHz 16 Access Points

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-37 Transportation Rail Yards Rail Cars –Made of wood and metal –Transport a variety of cargo –Large and create narrow pathways between tracks

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-38 Transportation (cont.) Airports Easy two-dimensional coverage –Typically open area –Long open pathways Post 9/11 issues Rules and regulations Baggage ramp area

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-39 Transportation (cont.) High traffic areas Equipment can be damaged or stolen if not put away properly

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-40 Government Secure facilities Variety of facilities Security clearance Equipment checklists

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-41 WLAN Design

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-42 Wireless LAN Design Client type and mobility Cards PCM, LMC, PCI Repeaters and Workgroup Bridges Third party devices Barcode scanners, Telephony, Wi-Fi™ devices

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-43 Wireless LAN Design (cont.) “Pools” of higher data rate coverage Stationary vs. Mobile 54 Mbps 11 Mbps

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-44 Wireless LAN Office Design (cont.) Most office user Not truly mobile Not trying to check while walking Pools of coverage Where are higher data rates needed? Typically at desks Conference rooms

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-45 Wireless LAN Office Design (cont.) V.P. Break Room Storage

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-46 Customer Applications Know what the customer needs from the wireless LAN and web users have different needs than a CAD developer Client/Server Thin client

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-47 Rate Shifting Survey performed at each data rate? Coverage cell for each rate mapped Higher rates – shift to proper areas Lower rates – overlap and frequency 5 GHz cell 2.4 GHz cell

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-48 Copper vs. Wireless LAN Lower pricing on WLAN equipment Moving a terminal once makes RF the better solution Popularity increasing Consider future wireless LAN expansion while surveying

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-49 Data Collection Most devices do not support a yet Some devices only require 2 Mbps Will data collection devices be the only clients using WLAN? Survey for 2 Mbps coverage Some devices can rate shift

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-50 Data Collection (cont.) Multiple workers sending lots of information Needs of the application Evaluate the application

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-51 Mobile Users Wireless data collection means mobility! Coverage must be seamless

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-52 Highly Mobile Users Data collection device mounted to forklift = Highly mobile user Needs to be able to work “on the move” Achieved through proper site survey and application design

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-53 Building to Building Design

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-54 Path Considerations Radio line of sight Earth bulge Fresnel zone Antenna and cabling Data rate

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-55 Line of Sight The following obstructions might obscure a visual link: Topographic features, such as mountains Curvature of the Earth Buildings and other man-made objects Trees

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-56 Longer Distances Line of Sight disappears at 6 miles (9.7 Km) due to the earth curve

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-57 Fresnel Zone

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-58 Improving Fresnel Effect Raise the antenna New structure Existing structure Different mounting point Remove trees

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-59 Total Distance 60% (Value “F”) Earth Curvature (Value “C”) Antenna Height (Value “H”) Site to Site Fresnel Zone Antenna Height Fresnel zone consideration Line-of-Sight over 25 miles (40 Km) hard to implement

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-60 Antenna Alignment Line of Sight

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-61 Antenna Issues No Downtilt One-way communications High gain omni-directional Directional antenna

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-62 Antenna Issues (cont.) 8 Miles/13 Km 700 ft./213 m downtilt ft./61 m

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-63 Site Survey Equipment

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-64 Access Points b With RP-TNC –Reverse Polarity Threaded Naval Connector (RP-TNC) –1200 Series Access Point (2.4 GHz) Without RP-TNC –1100 Series Access Point a 1200 Series with 5 GHz Module Survey with correct access point Customer purchases an 1200 Series Access Point - survey with a 1200 Series Access Point

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-65 Client Cards PC Cards LM Cards MMCX Cable Connectors

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-66 Antennas Two of every antenna you may have to use Diversity Availability of antennas

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-67 Battery Pack and Cables Battery Pack Charger Cables Serial or RJ-45 to DB- 9 roll-over cable RP-TNC Assembly

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-68 Mounting Brackets Mounting bracket Mounting solutions Bright color tape Velcro Beam clamps Zip ties Secure the access point!

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-69 Access Point Markers Mark access point and antenna locations Bright colors Durable but easily removed

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-70 Antenna Attenuator Difficult to carry one cable of each length Splitters, cables, and lightning arrestors add loss Duplicate the loss with a single device

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-71 Measuring Devices Measuring wheel (horizontal distances) Height measurement Rope marked in 10’ or 3 meters increments (vertical distances)

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-72 Digital Camera Easiest way to document unusual situations Need to photograph antenna mounting locations & methods

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-73 Travel Case Portable travel case Sufficiently padded Checkable as luggage Quick deployment

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-74 Cisco Aironet Site Survey Kit Cisco Aironet In- Building Site Survey Kit Airline approved travel case Custom cut foam inserts Inventory includes: Access point with 2 RP- TNC connectors –2.4 GHz –5 GHz Radio module (optional)

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-75 Cisco Aironet Site Survey Kit PC Card Adapter with Integrated Antenna b – 11 Mbps (2.4 GHz) Optional a – 54 Mbps (5 GHz) 2.2 dBi Dipole Antenna 2 dBi Diversity Omni- directional Ceiling Mount Antenna 6.5 dBi Diversity Patch Wall Mount Antenna

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-76 Documentation and Utilities

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-77 Pre-site Survey Form Assists you in assessing Type of survey needed How long it will take Equipment needed Introduction to the customer’s facility General fact gathering form

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-78 Aironet Client Utility: Site Survey

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-79 Link Status Meter

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. FWL 1.0—9-80 Summary Identify unexpected obstacles that you may face while performing a site survey. Identify unexpected situations that you may face while performing a site survey. Identify what type of site survey you will be performing prior to arrival at the customer’s site. Obtain information needed to perform the site survey. Determine the customer’s application needs and design a wireless LAN. Identify the equipment needed to build a site survey kit. Determine importance of items included in the site survey kit.

81 © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.