CSEE W4140 Networking Laboratory Lecture 4: IP Routing (RIP) Jong Yul Kim 02.11.2009.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
RIP V1 W.lilakiatsakun.
Advertisements

RIP V2 W.lilakiatsakun.  RFC 2453 (obsoletes –RFC 1723 /1388)  Extension of RIP v1 (Classful routing protocol)  Classless routing protocol –VLSM is.
1 Interdomain Routing Protocols. 2 Autonomous Systems An autonomous system (AS) is a region of the Internet that is administered by a single entity and.
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 1 Version 4.1 Routing Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP – Chapter 6.
Dynamic routing Routing Algorithm (Dijkstra / Bellman-Ford) – idealization –All routers are identical –Network is flat. Not true in Practice Hierarchical.
Nov 04, 2004CS573: Network Protocols and Standards1 IP Routing: GGP and RIP Network Protocols and Standards Autumn
RD-CSY3021 Comparing Routing Protocols. RD-CSY3021 Criteria used to compare routing protocols includes  Time to convergence  Proprietary/open standards.
RIP – Routing Information Protocol Syeda Momina Tabish MIT - 7.
CSEE W4140 Networking Laboratory Lecture 4: IP Routing (RIP) Jong Yul Kim
Unicast Routing Protocols: RIP, OSPF, and BGP
RFC 2453 RIP 2 (Routing Information Protocol) Daher Kaiss.
CSEE W4140 Networking Laboratory Lecture 5: IP Routing (OSPF and BGP) Jong Yul Kim
Routing.
Delivery, Forwarding, and Routing
1 Dynamic Routing Protocols I RIP Relates to Lab 4. The first module on dynamic routing protocols. This module provides an overview of routing, introduces.
Lab 4 Dynamic Routing CS144 Review Session 5 October 30, 2009 Samir Selman.
RIP. A PPROACHES TO S HORTEST P ATH R OUTING There are two basic routing algorithms found on the Internet. 1. Distance Vector Routing Each node knows.
INTRA- AND INTERDOMAIN ROUTING Routing inside an autonomous system is referred to as intradomain routing. Routing between autonomous systems is.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 11 Unicast Routing Protocols.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP). Intra-and Interdomain Routing An internet is divided into autonomous systems. An autonomous system (AS) is a group.
1 Computer Communication & Networks Lecture 22 Network Layer: Delivery, Forwarding, Routing (contd.)
Dynamic Routing Protocols  Function(s) of Dynamic Routing Protocols: – Dynamically share information between routers (Discover remote networks). – Automatically.
CS 4396 Computer Networks Lab
Slide /2009COMM3380 Routing Algorithms Distance Vector Routing Each node knows the distance (=cost) to its directly connected neighbors A node sends.
1 Routing Protocols and Configuration Instructor: Te-Lung Liu Program Associate Researcher NCHC, South Region Office.
Count to infinity problem
Unicast Routing Protocols  A routing protocol is a combination of rules and procedures that lets routers in the internet inform each other of changes.
1 Chapter 22 Network layer Delivery, Forwarding and Routing (part2)
Routing and Routing Protocols Routing Protocols Overview.
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1 Introduction to Dynamic Routing Protocol Routing Protocols and Concepts.
Sybex CCNA Chapter 6: IP Routing Instructor & Todd Lammle.
Code : STM#520-1 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. OfficeServ7400 Router Operation Distribution EnglishED01.
Review Routing fundamental W.lilakiatsakun. Review Routing Fundamental VLSM VLSM Route Summarization Route Summarization Static & Dynamic Routing Static.
Routing protocols Basic Routing Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Interior Gateway Protocol. Introduction An IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) is a protocol for exchanging routing information between gateways (hosts with.
1 Network Layer Lecture 13 Imran Ahmed University of Management & Technology.
RIP2 (Routing Information Protocol) Team Agile. Routing Protocols Link State – OSPF – ISIS Distance vector – RIP (version 1 and 2) – IGRP (Cisco Proprietary)
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 11 Unicast Routing Protocols.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 13 Routing Protocols (RIP, OSPF, BGP)
1 Internet Routing. 2 Terminology Forwarding –Refers to datagram transfer –Performed by host or router –Uses routing table Routing –Refers to propagation.
CS 356: Computer Network Architectures Lecture 11: DHCP and Dynamic Routing readings: [PD] 3.2.7, 3.3 Xiaowei Yang
TCOM 509 – Internet Protocols (TCP/IP) Lecture 06_a Routing Protocols: RIP, OSPF, BGP Instructor: Dr. Li-Chuan Chen Date: 10/06/2003 Based in part upon.
7400 Samsung Confidential & Proprietary Information Copyright 2006, All Rights Reserved. -0/35- OfficeServ 7x00 Enterprise IP Solutions Quick Install Guide.
Distance Vector Routing Protocols Dynamic Routing.
Lecture 4: Dynamic routing protocols Today: 1.Overview of router architecture 2.RIP.
Chapter 14 1 Unicast Routing Protocols There isn’t a person anywhere that isn’t capable of doing more than he thinks he can. - Henry Ford.
An internet is a combination of networks connected by routers. When a datagram goes from a source to a destination, it will probably pass through many.
Routing Protocols Brandon Wagner.
Computer Networks22-1 Network Layer Delivery, Forwarding, and Routing.
Ch 22. Routing Direct and Indirect Delivery.
RIP Routing Protocol. 2 Routing Recall: There are two parts to routing IP packets: 1. How to pass a packet from an input interface to the output interface.
1 Dynamic Routing Protocols I RIP Relates to Lab 4. The first module on dynamic routing protocols. This module provides an overview of routing, introduces.
1. 2  An autonomous system is a region of the Internet that is administered by a single entity.  Examples of autonomous regions are:  UVA’s campus.
Cisco 2 - Routers Perrine modified by Brierley Page 13/21/2016 Chapter 4 Module 6 Routing & Routing Protocols.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Sungsu Kim Sungsu Kim March 25, 2008.
© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public 1 Version 4.1 Routing Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP – Chapter 6.
Malathi Veeraraghavan (originals by Jörg Liebeherr) 1 Link State Routing Algorithm Use a routing protocol to collect the whole network topology Obtain.
Dynamic routing Routing Algorithm (Dijkstra / Bellman-Ford) – idealization All routers are identical Network is flat. Not true in Practice Hierarchical.
RIP.
Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP – Chapter 6
Dynamic Routing Protocols part2
(How the routers’ tables are filled in)
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Distance Vector and Link State RIP OSPF
Dynamic routing Routing Algorithm (Dijkstra / Bellman-Ford) – idealization All routers are identical Network is flat. Not true in Practice Hierarchical.
Routing.
Dynamic Routing Protocols part2
Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP – Chapter 6
Routing.
Dynamic routing Routing Algorithm (Dijkstra / Bellman-Ford) – idealization All routers are identical Network is flat. Not true in Practice Hierarchical.
Presentation transcript:

CSEE W4140 Networking Laboratory Lecture 4: IP Routing (RIP) Jong Yul Kim

Recap of the two functions of the network layer  Routing “Collective interactions of all routers to determine the paths that packets take on their trips from source to destination”  Forwarding “The transfer of a packet from an incoming link to an outgoing link within a single router.”

Today’s topics

Autonomous System  An autonomous system is a region of the Internet that is administered by a single entity.  Examples of autonomous regions are:  Columbia’s campus network  MCI’s backbone network  Regional Internet Service Provider  Routing is done differently within an autonomous system (intradomain routing) and between autonomous system (interdomain routing).

Autonomous System

Interdomain and Intradomain Routing Intradomain Routing  Routing within an AS  Ignores the Internet outside the AS  Protocols for Intradomain routing are also called Interior Gateway Protocols or IGP’s.  Popular protocols are RIP (simple, old) OSPF (better) Interdomain Routing  Routing between AS’s  Assumes that the Internet consists of a collection of interconnected AS’s  Normally, there is one dedicated router in each AS that handles interdomain traffic.  Protocols for interdomain routing are also called Exterior Gateway Protocols or EGP’s.  Routing protocols: EGP BGP (more recent)

Distance Vector Algorithm  Based on the Bellman-Ford equation d x (y) = min v {c(x,v) + d v (y)} d x (y) = least cost path from x to y c(x,v) = link cost from x to v

Example Router ARouter B Router CRouter D / / / / / Assume: - link cost is 1, i.e., c(v,w) = 1 - all updates, updates occur simultaneously - Initially, each router only knows the cost of connected interfaces t=0: Net via cost t=0: Net via cost t=0: Net via cost t=0: Net via cost t=1: t=2: t=2: t=1: t=2: t=1: t=2: t=1:

Example Router ARouter B Router CRouter D / / / / / t=3: Net via cost t=3: Net via cost t=3: Net via cost t=3: Net via cost Now, routing tables have converged ! t=2: t=2: t=2: t=2:

Characteristics of Distance Vector Routing  Periodic Updates: Updates to the routing tables are sent at the end of a certain time period. A typical value is 90 seconds.  Triggered Updates: If a metric changes on a link, a router immediately sends out an update without waiting for the end of the update period.  Full Routing Table Update: Most distance vector routing protocols send their neighbors the entire routing table (not only entries which change).  Route invalidation timers: Routing table entries are invalid if they are not refreshed. A typical value is to invalidate an entry if no update is received after 3-6 update periods.

The Count-to-Infinity Problem A A B B C C 11

Count-to-Infinity  The reason for the count-to-infinity problem is that each node only has a “next-hop-view”  For example, in the first step, A did not advertise that its route (with cost 2) to C went through node B  How can the Count-to-Infinity problem be solved?

Count-to-Infinity  The reason for the count-to-infinity problem is that each node only has a “next-hop-view”  For example, in the first step, A did not realize that its route (with cost 2) to C went through node B  How can the Count-to-Infinity problem be solved?  Solution 1: Always advertise the entire path in an update message (Path vectors) If routing tables are large, the routing messages require substantial bandwidth BGP uses this solution

Count-to-Infinity  The reason for the count-to-infinity problem is that each node only has a “next-hop-view”  For example, in the first step, A did not realize that its route (with cost 2) to C went through node B  How can the Count-to-Infinity problem be solved?  Solution 2: Never advertise the cost to a neighbor if this neighbor is the next hop on the current path (Split Horizon) Example: A would not send the first routing update to B, since B is the next hop on A’s current route to C Split Horizon does not solve count-to-infinity in all cases!

RIP - Routing Information Protocol  A simple intradomain protocol  Straightforward implementation of Distance Vector Routing  Each router advertises its distance vector every 30 seconds (or whenever its routing table changes) to all of its neighbors  RIP always uses 1 as link metric  Maximum hop count is 15, with “16” equal to “”  Routes are timeout (set to 16) after 3 minutes if they are not updated

RIP Messages  This is the operation of RIP in routed. Dedicated port for RIP is UDP port 520.  Two types of messages: Request messages  used to ask neighboring nodes for an update Response messages  contains an update

RIPv2 Packet Format One RIP message can have up to 25 route entries 1: request 2: response 2: for IP 0…0: request full rou- ting table Address of destination Cost (measured in hops) 2: RIPv2

RIPv2 Packet Format Used to carry information from other routing protocols (e.g., autonomous system number) Identifies a better next-hop address on the same subnet than the advertising router, if one exists (otherwise 0….0) 2: RIPv2 Subnet mask for IP address

Routing with RIP  Initialization: Send a request packet (command = 1, address family=0..0) on all interfaces:  RIPv2 uses multicast address , if possible requesting routing tables from neighboring routers  Request received: Routers that receive above request send their entire routing table  Response received: Update the routing table  Regular routing updates: Every 30 seconds, send all or part of the routing tables to every neighbor in an response message  Triggered Updates: Whenever the metric for a route change, send entire routing table.

RIP Problems  RIP takes a long time to stabilize Even for a small network, it takes several minutes until the routing tables have settled after a change  RIP has all the problems of distance vector algorithms, e.g., count-to-Infinity  RIP uses split horizon to avoid count-to-infinity  The maximum path in RIP is 15 hops

Main Points of Lab 4 Parts 1~4  Zebra  Quagga Routing Software  RIP Configuration Format and content of advertisements Convergence after link failure Count-to-infinity problem

Homework  Prelab 4 due on Friday ( )  Lab report 3 due by beginning of lab 4.1 next week  Reading Assignment Textbook Lab 4 parts 5 ~ 7