Question: If cratering rate on Earth is same as our Moon, why are their so few craters preserved? Answer: Erosion.

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Presentation transcript:

Question: If cratering rate on Earth is same as our Moon, why are their so few craters preserved? Answer: Erosion

Estimating natural erosion rates Accumulation of sediment versus time in alluvial fans. Ratio of cosmogenic isotopic creation rate/unit area to concentration/unit volume of sediments. Closure age of exposed minerals at surface plus increase of temperature with depth.

Erosion Rate for Cascades ~ 0.05 –.25 Km/Ma mm/y = m/Ka = Km/Ma

Erosion Rate for Central France: 55 m/MA

1 t/ha/y => 30 m/Ma

1 mm/a = 1km/Ma

Summary of Erosion rates Himalaya: 2-3 m/Ky = 2-3 km/Ma Eastern edge of Bolivian Altiplano: 3 km/Ma Cascades: 300 m/Ma Massif Central (France): 50 m/Ma Atacama Desert (Chile/Peru): 0.5 m/Ma Central Australia: 0.5 m/Ma

Question If erosion can flatten mountain topography in only a few million years, why are there mountains at all?

Question: If erosion can flatten mountain topography in only a few million years, why are there mountains at all? Answer: Uplift is continuous Implication: Earth is a dynamic planet

L = cA ½ Channel length and drainage area

Streamflow and drainage area… River basins in Kentucky, USA, from Solyom and Tucker, 2004 Q = * A R 2 = or

Channel Width: Data from the Clearwater River, Washington State, from Tomkin et al., Q = * A 0.9 W =4.2* A 0.42

W = b(AP) ½ Should actually be discharge = Area x precipitation

Spatially Variable Precipitation, Ellis, Densmore & Anderson, 1999 Precip Distance