There is More to Perception than Meets the Eye

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Presentation transcript:

There is More to Perception than Meets the Eye Gestalt Psychology Forerunners

Forerunners of Gestalt Psychology Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Franz Brentano (1838-1917) Ernst Mach (1838-1916) Christian von Ehrenfels (1859-1932) William James (1842-1910) Carl Stumf (1848-1936)

form or create a whole experience Immanuel Kant says… The mind in the process of perceiving will form or create a whole experience

Perception is An ACTIVE construction of the elements of experience Not an automatic accumulation of these elements

the act of experiencing Franz Brentano says Psychology ought to study the act of experiencing

Ernst Mach noticed We perceive a table as a table, even as its orientation changes We recognize a melody in a different key

Christian von Ehrenfels claimed The mind, operating on the sensory elements creates form

William James said: Elements are artificial The mind perceives objects as WHOLE

Carl Stumf And the phenomenologists want to use the whole of immediate experience as the basic data of study.

If the mind is active If the mind is active And our perception organizes and transforms "what is there" Can we really ever know "what is there"?

If we cannot know "what is there" How do we approximate it? By "bracketing" (I.e. setting aside) the question of the existence of the object itself (because that cannot be solved) And using the method of "systematic variations" to get a wide sample of experience

More about phenomenology At http://www.husserlpage.com/ Note: Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) is the official founder of the phenomenology movement as a philosophical movement.

Meanwhile in the natural sciences Interest in electromagnetic fields and other complex, global phenomena All part of a "more global" Zeitgeist.

THE END