1 Ecological Restoration Regaining Sustainable Landscapes

2 What is restoration? What is conservation?

3 Conservation preserves valuable ecosystem types. It may involve restoring the habitat of threatened and endangered animal species.

4 Restoration at its most basic is putting plants in the ground, with the intention of creating a desirable vegetation structure. –In the mitigation process, various kinds of ecosystem functions are measured to determine the success of the restoration.

5 In a societal context, it may be argued that it is our responsibility to safeguard the integrity of historical ecosystems, or protect other parts of the living system of which we are one part.

6 Common elements of restoration –1. Remove invasives –2. Modify site –3. Plant natives –4. Observe and take care of site

7 A couple of ecological principles

8 Likelihood a site will restore itself. Condition of the neighborhood NaturalModified

9 Succession is driven by the plant community. External forces modify succession –By changing: Site availability Species availability Species performance

10 In restoration, we try to keep a system on a desired successional trajectory by adjusting the three factors. –Site availability By designed disturbance –Species availability By planting –Species performance By species selection and designed disturbance

11 Examples of Restoration –Kelp –Eelgrass –Wetland –Prairie –Forest

12 Kelp forest

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15 Laura CarneyNereocystis

16 Elliot Bay Marina

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21 Eelgrass beds

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27 Wetlands

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34 Gog-le-hi-te

35 Prairie

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46 Forest

47 Snag

48 Wildlife tree

49 Deadfall

50 Unthinned ONR

51 Thinned ONR

52 Regrowth in thinned forest ONR

53 Gaps ONR

54 Snags and litter ONR

55 Gap-driven multi-age forest

56 Pit and mound