Motivating Corporation in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Step Forward Attiqa Rehman Syed Sajid Hussain Dr Sajjad Mohsin COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan

Presentation Plan 1 Description of MANET 2 Problem Statement 3 4 Techniques to Avoid Selfish Behavior 4 Reactive Techniques 5 Proactive Techniques 6 Problems In Existing Techniques 7 Proposed Solution Model 8 Expected Outcomes

Description of MANET Node Properties Autonomous Self Organizing Self Managed Works as a router as well Network Characteristics Wireless Media Infrastructure less Mobile Ad Hoc NetworkSource: http://www.dsta.gov.sg

Problem Statement Nodes belonging to Multiple Organization domains Not a single Goal to achieve as in military and emergency applications Multiple Administrative polices Limited energy resources Wish to capitalize the resource energy Going to Sleeping mode state Selfish behavior Decreasing network Throughput Degrading QoS Issue Addressed

Techniques to Avoid Selfish Behavior Reactive Techniques Detection then removal Watchdog and Pathrater[2] CONFIDANT[7,8,9] CORE[10] Proactive Techniques Avoid the occurrence Nuglet System[1]

Watchdog and Pathrater[2] Trust management No punishment for selfish nodes Increase QoS Enable safe path selection

CONFIDANT[7,8,9] Isolates misbehaving nodes COoperation of Nodes Fairness In Dynamic Ad hoc NeTworks Isolates misbehaving nodes Monitor for observing node behavior Path manager for nodes to adapt their behavior according to reputation

CORE[10] COllaborative REputation mechanism Subjective reputation Observation indirect reputation (positive reports by others) Functional Reputation Task specific behavior Weight for combined reputation Subjective Reputation Decision of isolation or gradual

Proactive Techniques Nuglets Algorithm[1] Nuglets to gain profit by routing for others Used to pay for sending node’s own packets Nuglets reside within a counter protected by Security Modules SM Incremented each time it forwards a packet for other nodes reduced by a multiple of hop count h each time the node wants to send a packet to destination h hops away

Problems In Nuglet Algorithm[1] Node in Dead State Node ran out of nuglets Only option: Buffer till got enough nuglets Real time system Sending a packet that is buffered for too much time is useless Drop packets Problems Increased Packet Drop Rate QoS Requirements We aim to provide a reasonable solution to this problem better than wait for sending or packet dropping.

Proposed Model A node can be removed from the dead state, by taking a loan from any other node. The loan is granted on some guarantee provided by the deprived to the lender node.

Bank Model Loan grant Loan payback Application for loan Provide guarantee Assess guarantee Assess bank’s monetary situation Negotiate interest rate and time Grant loan Loan payback Check if amount available Pay it back Otherwise increase interest rate

Bank Model Formally Stated

Proposed Algorithm

Pay Back Nuglet

Expected Outcomes Increase Corporation Increased Quality of service Decreased packet drop rate Increased Throughput of the Network

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