1 SIMS 247: Information Visualization and Presentation Marti Hearst Oct 19, 2005

2 Today Incorporating Time –Time in Desktop Search –Time in Photo Collections Visualizing Time –Time graph searching Hochheiser & Shneiderman Wattenberg –Complex Serial Data Carlis & Konstan

3 Time in Desktop Search Stuff I’ve Seen personal information search Dumais et al. ‘93

4 SIS, Timeline w/ Landmarks, Rignel, Cutrell, Dumais, Horvitz. ‘03 Search ResultsDistribution of Results Over Time Memory Landmarks - General (world, calendar) - Personal (appts, photos)

5 SIS, Timeline Experiment Dates OnlyLandmarks + Dates Search Time (s) With Landmarks Without Landmarks

6 Time in Desktop Jun Rekimoto, "TimeScape: A Time Machine for the Desktop Environment", CHI'99 late-breaking results,

7 Lifestreams (Fertig, Freeman, Gelernter 96)

8 Time in Photo Collections

9 UIs for Personal Photo Collections Research on personal photo collections shows: –Chronology important –But people and events more important Metadata –Useful, but tedious to input –Graham et al. developed effective automated grouping mechanisms using time

10 PDA Photo Browsing (Manual Grouping) Harada et al. ‘04

11 PDA Photo Browsing (Timeline) Harada et al. ‘04

12 Usability Study Compared automated vs manual labeling Compared timeline vs no timeline –For search task people were faster with timeline on second exposure only; strong learning effect –For browsing task, success rate was 14% higher for timeline interface on first exposure –People did as well on automated grouping as on manual (except for browsing task) –No overall preference for any of the approaches But people prefered their manual organization for browsing

13 Dynamic Timeline for Photos Kullberg 1996

14 TimeQuilt Huynh et al. ’

15 PhotoCat Burgener, Fisher, Nelson, Wooldridge ‘05

16 PhotoCat Burgener, Fisher, Nelson, Wooldridge ‘05

17 Searching Time Sequence Data

18 Motivation: Standard time plots are very compelling, but can only display a limited amount of data Timebox widgets for interactive exploration Hochheiser and Shneiderman ‘02

19 Idea: Query the data! (See video)

20 Usability studies 24 Computer Science students completed various tasks using different but semantically equivalent input mechanisms: –Timebox queries –Fill-in –Range sliders

21 Study 1 Fully specified tasks. (“During days 22-23, are there more stocks between , , or 49-99”) –Form fill in fastest –Range sliders second. –Timeboxes last.

22 Study 2 More open-ended tasks. Compare: –Timeboxes with graphical output –Forms with graphical output –Forms with tabular output No statistically significant difference. (Were the users already familiar with timeboxes?)

23 Compare to Wattenberg’s Time Graph Sketch