Mating Systems Causes Types and distribution Ecological factors –Polygyny threshold –Polyandry.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Avian Mating Systems Table 13-1 Monogamy 90% Polygamy Polygyny 2%
Advertisements

REPRODUCTION MATING SYSTEMS SEXUAL SELECTION Ovis canadensis.
Asymmetry in parental investment between male and females: between male and females: Before fertilization: Asymmetry in size and number of gametes, and.
EEOB 400: Lecture 9 Sexual selection.
Males and females often look different
According to natural selection, what are both females and males selected to do ? Survive and reproduce Certain traits favor survival and reproduction.
Mating Systems ZOL 313 June 11, 2008.
Mating Systems. Mating System Species typical pattern of mate-finding, reproduction and parenting of offspring.
Mating systems: a simple classification. Monogamy in Mammals Monogamy is rare in mammals Why? Females put in most of the parental investment Exception:
Reproductive strategies for survival
Chapter 11 Opener: The mating systems of many species involve defense of food resources.
Mating Systems and Parenting. Females of the long-tailed dance fly, Rhamphomyia longicauda advertise to gift-bearing males. The female inflates her abdomen.
Patterns of Social Behavior Sociability: an important primate characteristic.
Parental Care Patterns Why provide care? When should care be terminated? Who should receive care?
Ecology Lecture 11 Life History Patterns 2. Overview  A mating system includes  how members of a particular species (or population) choose and bond.
How is sexual selection different from natural selection?
Parental Care Patterns Who should provide care? How much care should be provided? When should care be terminated? Who should receive care?
Sexual Selection in the Sea. Darwin’s postulates & evolution IF –Variation: phenotypic variation among individuals within population –Inheritance: some.
Parental Care Patterns How much care to provide?
Mating systems II Sexual conflict Leks –Hotspot –Female preference Male aggregations Hotshots –Kin selection.
Mating Systems Recombination Common, Not Universal Sexual Reproduction: Recombinant Genotypes Basic Questions: Sex.
Leks Hotspot Female preference –Male aggregations –Hotshots Kin selection The lek paradox.
Chapter 11 The evolution of mating systems
Sex and Sex Ratio What is sex? Why sex?
Conditional sex allocation I Basic scenarios. Trivers & Willard Environmental conditions differentially influence fitness of males and females, then selection.
Polygyny Males: Lower PI and Greater Variance Reproductive Success Male-Male Competition Female Choice.
Pheromones and Scraps of Behavior (FAP, Mating Systems, Imprinting and Aggression)
What do I do? I study behavior I look at an animal’s adaptations to its environment I study Evolution.
The Evolution of Mating Systems Chapter 11 Alcock (Animal Behavior) Tom Wenseleers Ethology & Behavioural Ecology.
Behavior Chapter 51 (50).
Sex and Mating!!!! By Tim Revell. Life Cycle of an Animal.
Announcements. Sexual selection underlies the evolution of male competition and female choice. In many species, males and females are similar in appearance.
4) Social Systems - Mating Systems Mating systems have 3 components: the number of mates an individual takes whether the male and female form a pair bond.
Class PP for Friday April 30 (Cl. #39). What Determines the Sex Ratio This traces to the idea that a parent only has so much energy to invest in offspring.
Announcements Exam 3 - this Friday, April 27th (M-Z here; A-L 100 Greg Hall) Final - Friday May 11, 8am (A-L here; M-Z 100 MSEB) Conflict exam for final.
P 0,1,2 = probability eggs survive given 0, 1, or 2 parents W, w = eggs laid by deserting or caring female, respectively P M = probability deserting male.
Mating Systems & Social Behavior
The mating system of Rana adenopleura 2007/12/4. Introduction Methods Animal model and study site Field procedure Preliminary result Behaviour Male mating.
Extra pair copulation vs. polyandry/polygamy EPC = copulations that occur outside an identifiable reproductive pair The pair must be sharing “non-copulatory’”
Mating Systems and Parental Care Comparative Approach Cost-benefit Approach Mechanism Approach Monogamy – one male and one female Polygyny – one male,
Mating Systems Psychology Introduction For the most part, males’ involvement in mating, well, ends after the mating Females pay for the mating a.
Slide 2GroupingsGroupings Slide 3Cooperative BehaviourCooperative Behaviour Slide 4AltruismAltruism Slide 5BreedingBreeding Slide 6Mating SystemsMating.
Life History Patterns Ch.10 Life history patterns = how they reproduce Maturity = age at first reproduction Parity = # of times an organism reproduces.
Mating Systems Conflict.
Animal Groups Your Name.
Intraspecific Relationships
BREEDING SYSTEMS AND REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES OF MAMMALS.
Chapter 12 Reproductive strategies for survival. Reproductive adaptations Refers to any strategy that aims to increase the chance of successful reproduction.
Intra-specific co-operative behaviour Group formation Courtship and pair-bond formation Parental care.
In conclusion, there are 3 scenarios that may lead to Polygyny: (1) Females have no other choice but to mate with a mated male (2) Females may be deceived.
Evolution of Mating Systems Chapter 8. Mating Systems-Chapter 8 1 Monogamy 2 Polyandry 3 Polygyny And the many combinations within!
 Coral reef spawning  animals/other-invertebrates/coralreef_spawning/
Wildlife Movements & Space Use What are the different types of movements? What affects wildlife movements? How do wildlife movements relate to spatial.
A Curlew’s Farewell I tried but I can try no more I cried but I can cry no more I failed to bring a young chick’s cry into this world Time now bids me.
Social Behavior Hermits must have lower fitness than social individuals Use of Space Clumped, random, or dispersed (variance/mean ratio) mobility = motility.
Mating Systems.
Reproduction Chapter 7. Sexual Selection Darwin's theory to explain traits that aren't obviously advantageous
Biology 484 – Ethology Chapter 11 – Evolution of Mating Systems.
Mating systems Monogamy = pair bond between one male and one female
Polygyny.
鄭先祐 (Ayo) 教授 國立台南大學 環境與生態學院 生態科學與技術學系 環境生態研究所 + 生態旅遊研究所
Mating Strategies Monogamy Polygamy Polygyny: one male, 2+ females
Lecture 11 Reproduction and Life Histories
Reproductive strategies for Survival
Sex and behaviour.
Mating systems II Blue-naped Mousebird Coliiformes.
Natural selection favors behaviors that increase survival and reproductive success Concept 51.5 Nia Sanders.
Mating systems A conglomeration of characteristics of populations and individuals that affect reproduction.
Module 08: Behavior Unit 2: Individuals and Populations
Behavior Chapter 39.
Presentation transcript:

Mating Systems Causes Types and distribution Ecological factors –Polygyny threshold –Polyandry

Causes of spacing patterns Males disperse in space to maximize mating opportunities with females

Parental care and female dispersion influence mating system

Monogamy Lar gibbon Silver-backed jackal

Social monogamy > 90% of all birds, most biparental care < 10% of all mammals –males help provision young canids, marmosets,carnivorous bats –males defend single female dik-dik, some rodents Rare in –insects (carrion beetles) –Fishes, reptiles, amphibians

Mate assistance in Peromyscus californicus

Mate assistance monogamy in snow buntings

Social monogamy ≠ genetic monogamy

Polygyny (> 90% of mammals)

Ecological correlates of polygyny Females solitary, but ranges defensible by male –prosimian primates Females solitary, range not defensible –Moose, orangutan Females social, range defensible –Seasonal harems - elephant seals, red deer –Permanent harems - baboons, zebra, spear-nosed bats Females social, range not defensible –Female movements unpredictable males follow females, e.g. elephants –Female movements predictable - males display on leks

Polygyny (< 10% of birds) Males defend food or nesting sites –Blackbirds –Grouse –Cotingas

Ecological factors affecting polygyny Female sociality Female movement predictability Habitat heterogeneity

If there is spatial habitat heterogeneity And fixed territory size Then females will have to choose between unmated males on poor territories or mated males on rich territories or If territory size is related to size or age Then females should choose largest territory

Resource defense polygyny

Polygyny threshold model

Polygyny threshold predictions Polygyny should be most common in patchy habitats Male territory quality influences # of females Females mating to already mated males should have RS comparable to females pairing with unmated males

Polygyny in pied flycatchers

Polygyny in anolis lizards depends on size

Polyandry Rare in birds –Sequential - sanderling, stint –Simultaneous - phalarope, jacana –Cooperative - pukeko Very rare in mammals –Tamarins Common in fish

Ecological reasons for polyandry Rich resource, eggs are cheap Short breeding season Male biased sex ratio

Why should females multiple mate?

Pseudoscorpions gain fertility benefit

Human mating systems