Dirección de Proyectos Informáticos Communication

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior Communication? No group can exist without communication. We need: Share objectives, ideas, … Have de same point of view. … An idea, no matter how great, is useless until it is transmitted and understood by others. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior A woman drives her car GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

A men drives his car in the opposite direction. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior When she past just besides the man said: - Donkey!!!!!!! Suddenly the man says: - Seal!!!!!!!! GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior Each which continuous its road, the man that goes smiling by the answer given, al to rotate in the first curve,… GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior Moral of the history “The men never understand what the women mean “ Good, the problem even is worse.. The communication is somewhat complicated and there are many factors that do it difficult, ... GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

Functions of Communication Control Formal: Job description, .. Informal: bad faces if produce too much Motivation What to do, feedback Emotional expression Show frustration, feelings Information To make decisions,.. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior A Communication Model The steps between a source and a receiver that results in the transference and understanding of meaning. We can see an example GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

The prior experience and the facts A model sees the human being as flat tables (boards of wax) Facts are like hot fluids that travel through these boards, leaving furrows. The new fluids, even when cold, tend to travel through the prior furrows. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior Exercise 50% of students leave of the classroom We shown next graphic for 15 seconds. Then students change. We show the next graphic. All students see this graph and tray to say what's that. try to arrive to a shared vision. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

What is shown in the figure? GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

What is shown in the figure? GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

What is shown in the figure? GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

The Communication Process Source Message Receiver Experience Channel Encoding Signs Decoding Feedback GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior Encoding Converting ideas,… mental message to symbolic form. abfdsfllkt GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior Message What is communicated. abfdsfllkt GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior Channel The medium through which a communication message travels GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior Decoding Retranslating a sender’s communication message . abfdsfllkt GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior Feedback loop The final link in the communication process; puts the message back into the system as a check against misunderstandings GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior Sources of Distortion Look at the model and imagine problems that can create distortion. Encoding, an example… Channel… Noise… Prejudices, knowledge,… GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

Communication Apprehension Undue tension and anxiety about oral communication, written communication or both. People who refuse speak or write. This is a problem Then… self-selection… or… GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

Direction of Communication Downward Efficacy Upward Feedback Lateral coordination GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

Formal vs. Informal Networks Communication networks Channels by which information flows. Formal networks Task related communications that follow the authority chain. Informal networks The communication grapevine. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

Three Common small-group Networks Chain Wheel All-Channel GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior The Informal Network Grapevine Not controlled by management Perceived as more believable Serve self interest Usually managers transmit it (10%) Between departments Different paths GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

Nonverbal Communication Messages conveyed through body movements, the intonations or emphasis we give words, facial expressions, and the physical distance between the sender and receiver. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

Nonverbal Communication Kinesics (study of body motions), New field, subject of many conjectures. We send non consciously messages. Depression, puzzlement, protection, indifference, complicity, impatience, forgetfulness. Facial expressions . Physical distances: Disinterest, intimidate, aggressiveness o sexual interest Contradiction between messages I look to my watch  As you know you are really important for me… Actions often speak louder (and more accurately) than words. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

Choice of Communication Channel Factors: Anxiety Channel richness The amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode. Multiple cues, feedback, personal. Selection criteria depends on… Routine Ambiguous GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

Hierarchy of channels Richness Face to face talk Telephone E-mail Memos, letters General reports Nonroutine, ambiguous Richest leanest Routine, clear GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

Barriers to Effective Communication Filtering A sender’s manipulation of information so that it will be seen more favorably by the receiver. Selective perception We interpret what we see and call it reality. Defensiveness In front of threatening messages Language “The meaning of words are not in the words; they are in us” GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

Does we said what we wanted to said? When a diplomatic says: “Yes” He wants said “MAYBE”, When he says: “MAYBE” He wants said “NO”, And when says “NO” Then he isn’t a diplomatic. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

When you are the receiver Too many people take listening skills for granted. But Speak 125-200 words/min. Comprehend 400 w/min. Idle time… Hearing <> listening Hola GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior Effective listening Make eye contact. Exhibit affirmative heads nods and appropriate facial expression. Avoid distracting actions or gestures. Ask questions. Paraphrase. Avoid interrupting the speaker. Don’t over talk. Make smooth transitions between the roles of speaker and listener. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior Bibliography: Robbins, Comportamiento Organizativo, Prentice Hall, 1999. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior