Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, IncSlides created by Bob Koziel

2 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Tips for using the slide show Use MS Power Point XP to view the presentation. Earlier versions will not show the animations correctly. Slides with : Click the slide to view all of its sections and animations. Some slides need to be clicked several times. will appear once the last object on the slide has appeared. Click to go to the next slide. represents an Internet link that will take you to the Web site when you click on it. Internet connection required. Clicking on the or icon will take you to the previous or the next slide. Slides with videos or sounds: Click on the picture to view videos or listen to sounds. NEXT SLIDE I NEXT SLIDE Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc

3 Chapter1 Becoming Fluent with Computers Chapter1 Becoming Fluent with Computers COMPUTERS IN YOUR FUTURE 2004 COMPUTERS IN YOUR FUTURE 2004 by Bryan Pfaffenberger and Bill Daley What You Will Learn NEXT SLIDE The importance of computer fluency The four basic operations of a computer The information processing cycle Responsible computer usage Hardware devices that handle input, processing, output, and storage The difference between system and application software Internet services

4 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc NOT THIS THE FUTURE?COMMERCEENGINEERING EDUCATION Computer Fluency The knowledge and skills possessed by people who are able to navigate the digital world successfully. Computer-literate people are skilled in using computers and the Internet. I PERSONAL PRODUCTIVITYHOME COMPUTINGORGANIZING TASKS NEXT SLIDE

5 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Understanding the Computer A computer is a machine that, under a program’s direction, performs four basic operations: input, processing, output, and storage. A program is a list of instructions that tells a computer how perform the four operations. NEXT SLIDE

6 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Input The first operation. The computer performs arithmetic or comparison operations on data. Electrical impulses representing words, numbers, images, or sounds. NEXT SLIDE

7 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Processing The second operation. The computer performs arithmetic or comparison (logical) operations on the data. Performed at a very high speed. Arithmetic 4+16=20 Logic 728>546 NEXT SLIDE

8 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Output The third operation. The computer shows the results of the processing operation in a way people can understand. Data is processed into information. NEXT SLIDE

9 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Storage The fourth operation. The computer saves the data or output so that it can be used again later. NEXT SLIDE

10 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc How Computers “Think” Computers use algorithms to solve a problem. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures. NEXT SLIDE

11 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc The Information Processing Cycle The computer performs the four basic operations (input, processing, output, and storage). Two types of processing cycles:  Batch processing– A lockstep sequence used by older computers.  Interactive processing– Initiating several information processing cycles in a single session; used by modern computers. Input Processing Output Storage NEXT SLIDE

12 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Using Computers Responsibly Cyber phobia is the fear of using computers. Don’t be afraid to use computers. Understand the risks and limitations of using a computer. Recognize that programs may be flawed or contain bugs. NEXT SLIDE

13 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Computer System A collection of related computer components that are designed to work together. A system includes hardware and software. NEXT SLIDE Hardware Software

14 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Hardware Hardware is the computer’s physical components. The components include:  Input devices– Enable users to enter data into the computer for processing.  Processing circuitry– Components located in the system’s case that transform data into information.  Output devices– Peripherals that show the results of processing.  Storage devices– Used to store all the programs and data that the computer uses.  Communication Devices– Used to move data between computers. NEXT SLIDE

15 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Input: Transforming Data into Information Key Terms Command– A type of input that tells the program what to do. Confirmation– A message that indicates if the command was or was not carried out. Keyboard– Enables the user to input characters. Pointing device– Enables the user to move an on– screen pointer. Speech-recognition– A program that enables the computer to transcribe spoken words into text. NEXT SLIDE

16 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc KeyboardMouse– pointing device Microphone– speech - recognition Digital Cameras NEXT SLIDE Input Devices

17 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Processing: Transforming Data into Information Key Terms Central processing unit (CPU)– The computer’s processing circuitry. It is also called a microprocessor. Chip– A wafer of silicon that contains a complex electronic circuit. Motherboard– The computer’s main circuit board. Memory– Chips that store program instructions. Random access memory (RAM) is the most important type. Expansion slots– A receptacle designed to accept a plug-in expansion card. Expansion card– Used to connect peripherals (input/output devices) to the motherboard. NEXT SLIDE

18 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Motherboard Central Processing Unit– CPU Random Access Memory– RAM Expansion Card NEXT SLIDE Processing Devices

19 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Output: Displaying the Information Key Terms Monitors– Display processing results on a screen.  Cathode ray tube– Monitor similar to televisions.  Flat-panel displays (LCD)– Monitor that uses liquid crystal diodes. Speakers– Enable the user to hear the results of sound processing. Printers– Generate output on paper.  Impact printers– Print heads strike a ribbon to produce an image.  Nonimpact printers– Transfer the image to the paper. Inkjet printers Laser printers NEXT SLIDE

20 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Monitor Printer Speakers NEXT SLIDE Output Devices

21 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Storage: Holding Programs and Data for Future Use Key Terms Storage media– Includes all types of storage media.  Magnetic storage media– Uses magnetically sensitive material.  Optical storage media– Uses a laser beam to scan pits etched into a disc. Writing– Recording data to a disk. Reading– Playing back information on a disk. Floppy disk– Removable storage medium. CD ROM– Optical storage medium. NEXT SLIDE

22 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Hard Drive Floppy Disk Drive Zip Drive CD / DVD Drive Jazz Drive Tape Drive Micro Drive NEXT SLIDE Storage Devices

23 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Communications Devices Key Terms Computer network– Two or more computers linked by some type of connection. Modem– Enables access to other computers by way of a telephone line. Network interface card (NIC)– Enables computers to connect to each other in a limited geographic area. Local area network (LAN)– Computers connected to each other within a building or group of buildings. NEXT SLIDE

24 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Modem Network Interface Card– NIC NEXT SLIDE Communications Devices

25 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Desktop– PC, Microcomputer Notebook– Laptop Workstation Personal Digital Assistant– PDA, Handheld, Pocket PC NEXT SLIDE Types of Computers

26 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Introducing Software Software consists of the programs that give the computer’s hardware its step-by-step instructions. Software is created by programmers using a programming language. Programs contain units called files. Transferring a program into the computer’s memory is called loading. Once loaded into memory the program’s instructions are carried out or executed. NEXT SLIDE

27 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc System software– All programs that help the computer function properly. Application software– All the programs you use to perform a task such as writing a letter or browsing the World Wide Web. System softwareApplication software NEXT SLIDE Types of Software

28 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc System software is divided into two categories: The operating system:  Provides support for running application software.  Coordinates the various functions of the computer’s hardware. System utilities:  Are programs for optimizing computer performance. System Software NEXT SLIDE

29 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc NEXT SLIDE Types of Operating Systems Command-line interface– Users type instructions at the keyboard, one line at a time. Examples: MS-DOS, PC DOS, UNIX Graphical user interface (GUI)– Users choose items from menus by using a pointing device to click on icons which represent resources and commands. Examples: Windows, Mac OS

30 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc NEXT SLIDE Command-Line Interface

31 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc NEXT SLIDE Graphical User Interface (GUI)

32 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Application Software Application software includes all programs that enable us to use the computer in a useful way. Custom software is developed for specific needs. Packaged software is produced for the mass market. NEXT SLIDE

33 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Software Suite A collection of full-featured standalone programs that usually share a common command structure and have similar interfaces. MS WORD MS EXCELMS POWERPOINT MS ACCESSMS FRONT PAGE NEXT SLIDE

34 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc NEXT SLIDE The Internet A world-spanning computer network.

35 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc Electronic mail– ( ) World Wide Web– (WWW) File Transfer Protocol– (FTP) Instant messaging Electronic commerce– (e-commerce) NEXT SLIDE Internet Services Standards and software that make Internet resources, such as Web pages, files, and electronic mail available to users.

36 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc NEXT SLIDE Chapter 1 Summary 1.Computer fluency refers to a person’s ease in navigating the digital world successfully. 2.A computer is a machine that performs the operations of input, processing, output and storage. 3.Programs provide instructions which direct and control the computer. 4.The information processing cycle consists of the input, processing, output, and storage operations. 5.The two types of processing cycles are batch and interactive. 1.Computer fluency refers to a person’s ease in navigating the digital world successfully. 2.A computer is a machine that performs the operations of input, processing, output and storage. 3.Programs provide instructions which direct and control the computer. 4.The information processing cycle consists of the input, processing, output, and storage operations. 5.The two types of processing cycles are batch and interactive.

37 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc NEXT SLIDE Chapter 1 Summary cont. 6.A computer system is composed of hardware and software. 7.Typical input devices are the keyboard and mouse. 8.Processing is done by the CPU and RAM. 9.Monitors and printers are the typical output devices. 10.Long term storage is handled by the hard disk. 11.System software helps the computer to function properly. 12.The Internet is a global network. 13.Internet services include , WWW, instant messaging, e-commerce, data exchange networks, and FTP. 6.A computer system is composed of hardware and software. 7.Typical input devices are the keyboard and mouse. 8.Processing is done by the CPU and RAM. 9.Monitors and printers are the typical output devices. 10.Long term storage is handled by the hard disk. 11.System software helps the computer to function properly. 12.The Internet is a global network. 13.Internet services include , WWW, instant messaging, e-commerce, data exchange networks, and FTP.

38 Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc The End