By David Faria Yesenia Vega Scott Shironaka Fernando Loza Cell Structures By David Faria Yesenia Vega Scott Shironaka Fernando Loza

Nucleus The Nucleus holds the DNA of a cell, and functions as the control center of the cell. The DNA in the Nucleus controls the metabolism, growth and reproduction.

Other parts of the Nucleus Nuclear Membrane The Nuclear Membrane protects the Nucleus from any unwanted intruders, but is porous to allow things to leave the Nucleus. Chromatin Chromatin is the floating DNA inside of the Nucleus, they appear as small rods.

Mitochondria Mitochondria are the power sources of a cell. They convert oxygen and nutrients into ATP, which is what powers the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum The Endoplasmic Reticulum is divided into two parts, The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, and The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. It functions to create proteins, and sends them to the Golgi Apparatus.

Differences Between The ERs Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum carries Ribosomes on it during protein synthesis, which gives it it’s rough appearance. It then sends them to the Golgi Apparatus Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum stores calcium in muscle cells, and allows for the storage of key enzymes due to increased surface area.

Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus’ function is to process proteins inside the cell. It serves as a “packaging center” to send things from one part of the cell to where they are needed.

Cell Membrane The Cell Membrane protects the cell but is selectively permeable to allow objects to enter and exit the cell. It also regulates the fusion of the membrane with other membranes of a call during specialized junctions.

Lysosomes Lysosomes are rare in plant cells but common in animal cells. It contains enzymes necessary for digestion. Uncontrolled release of lysosome contents into cytoplasm can also cause cell death.

Vacuole The Vacuole also works in cell digestions. They are small in animal cells, though they are larger in plant cells.

Ribosomes Ribosomes can only be seen with an electron Microscope. They synthesize proteins for use with in the cytosol. They can be seen attached to the Rough ER.

Stem Cells Stem cells are undifferentiated cells inside the developing body, which allows them to become other types of cells. Stem cells are basically cells before they become a specific type, like nerve or muscle cell.

Reasons why there is such controversy over stem cell research. Stem cells are believed to be the future of regenerative medicine, and scientists believe that using stem cells would grant us the capabilities to restore destroyed cells, and prevent other diseases. However, the most common way to retrieve a stem cell is from a destroyed “developing” embryo, which gives people the idea that scientists are killing “developing babies”.

In Conclusion… All parts of the cell are related to each other in some way, and it’s “amazing” how everything could happen in such a small thing. Now give us an “A”, please.