Principles of Immunology Transplantation Immunology 4/25/06

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Presentation transcript:

Principles of Immunology Transplantation Immunology 4/25/06

Word/Terms List Allograft Autograft GVH HLA Isograft MHC Xenograft

Transplantation Immunology Types of transplants Autograft Isograft Allograft Xenograft

Graft Rejection First set Second set Analogous to primary and secondary antibody response

Causes of Rejection MHC – HLA antigens in humans Haplotypes DTH reaction Cell-mediated immunity

Stages of Rejection Sensitization- APCs from donor APCs from host “Passenger leukocytes” CD8 and CD4 both react

Stages of Rejection Effector stage C mediated Ab response ADCC CTLs DTH

Compatibility Tests ABO Microcytotoxicity Mixed lymphocyte reaction Pre existing Ab C mediated Mixed lymphocyte reaction Measures T helper activation Uses radioactive thymidine as determinant

Clinical Types of Rejection Hyperacute <24 hours Preexisting Ab ABO mismatch Acute Weeks Macrophages Cytokines Chronic Months or longer Humoral and cell-mediated

General Immunosupression Mitotic Inhibitors Affects all rapidly dividing cells Steroids Anti inflammatory Cytokine inhibitors Inhibits T cell proliferation

Specific Immunosupression Monoclonal Ab Anti CD3 Blocking co stimulation CTLA injection

Immune Tolerance Non immunogenic tissue Privileged sites Induced tolerance