Unit 3 Outline Properties of Matter Identification of Heat and Transfer Classification of Matter Calculating Solutions

Unit 2: Properties of Matter

Physical Property Physical Property – a property that can be observed without changing the matter Examples: color - taste - hardness odor - density boiling point melting point malleability ductility

malleable – able to be flattened into a thin sheet or foil ductile – able to be pulled into a long thin wire ** all metals are both malleable and ductile

Two types of Physical Properties 1. Extensive -Depends on how much there is -for example: volume, mass, weight, etc… 2. Intensive -Depends on the type of matter  NOT how much there is -For example: density, melting/boiling points, color (sometimes), etc…

Chemical Property Chemical Property – Examples the ability of a substance to combine with or change into another substance describes how a substance reacts or fails to react with other substances to produce new substances Examples ability to rust or corrode ability to react with an acid or base ability to burn (combustion), flammability oxidation, hydrolysis

States of Matter / Phases of Matter Volume Shape Solid definite Liquid takes shape of its container Gas takes volume of its container

Solid Gas State or Phase Particle level picture Particles description Keep Volume? Keep shape? Solid Liquid Gas Arranged in orderly pattern Yes Yes Touching, but not tightly packed Yes No Far apart and rarely touching No No

Solid Gas State or Phase Particle Movement Amount PE Amount KE Example Liquid Gas Low Low Ice Vibrational only Moderate Moderate Water Vibrational & translational Move freely High High Vapor

Plasma – 4th state of matter - an ionized gas

Physical and Chemical Changes Does the chemical make-up of the substance actually change?

Changes that can occur to matter Physical a change that doesn’t alter the composition of a substance Examples: Cut, crumple, tear, split, bend, crush, grind, and rip Chemical an alteration of the chemical composition of a substance that results in the formation of a new substance ALWAYS forms a new substance that has different physical and chemical properties than the original substance. Also known as a chemical reaction.

Evidence of a Chemical Change change of color (unexpected) change of odor production of a gas (bubbles) production of sound, heat, light an explosion formation of a precipitate disappearance or appearance of a substance

Phase changes are Physical Changes

Potential Energy (PE) energy due to position or condition at the atomic level refers to the distance between the particles closer= lower PE farther = higher PE Potential Energy determines Phase of Matter Kinetic Energy (KE) energy due to motion  Faster=higher KE Slower= lower KE Kinetic Energy determines Temperature

Energy & Phase Changes Adding or removing energy (heat) to a substance can cause it to phase change During a phase change, temperature does not change

Heating Curve of Water

AB -heat Δ KE -move faster -temp.  -solid BC -heat Δ PE Melting Liquid AB -heat Δ KE -move faster -temp.  -solid BC -heat Δ PE -get farther apart -temp. stay same -melting CD -liquid

DE EF -heat Δ PE -heat Δ KE -get farther apart -move faster Boiling Gas DE -heat Δ PE -get farther apart -temp. stay same -boiling EF -heat Δ KE -move faster -temp.  -gas

A B C D E F AB -KE  -slows down -temp.  -Gas BC -PE  -closer together -temp. stays same -Condensation CD -Liquid

A B C D E F DE -PE  -closer together -temp. stays same -Freezing EF -KE  -slows down -temp.  -Solid

Boiling Point Boiling Freezing Melting Freezing Point & Melting Point What is the boiling point? What is the melting point? What is the freezing point?

If melting & freezing points are at the same temperature. . . how do you know which is which? It depends on whether adding or removing energy!

What is this substance? -Water How do you know? -Boiling & melting & freezing points of water

Pre Lab questions Sketch a basic, hypothesized Heating Curve of Lauric Acid. Sketch a basic, hypothesized Cooling Curve of Lauric Acid Sketch a diagram of the set-up for this laboratory. If you spill Lauric Acid on your skin what is the procedure for cleansing it.