AT91SAM7L Technical Overview

Outlines Introduction Power Supply Considerations Clock Considerations Supply Controller Peripherals Memory Mapping / Boot AT91SAM7L-EK AT91SAM7L-STK

AT91SAM7L Introduction

Low-Power Applications Static and dynamic power consumption lowered to a minimum Performance scaling allows consuming only when required Backup while entering sleep modes Reduced number of external devices simplifies the designs In many low-power applications, operating from 1.8V to 3.6V, the MCU is in sleep mode for the majority of the time, waking up periodically to an event

Low-Power Applications Need an MCU with Short wake-up time to guarantee fast response time to events Flexible clock management Increased number of low power modes Segment LCD is often expected as User Interface

AT91SAM7L Featured for Low Power Enable portable devices to derive power from a dual-cell battery providing a true dual-cell battery system solution Capable of operating down to 1.8V Use innovative design techniques To deliver a typical OFF-mode current of 100nA and a typical WAIT-mode current of 9µA To enable integration resulting in fewer external components and reduced BOM cost To Wake-up from its low power WAIT-mode with the CPU operating at 2MHz within just 6µs To save battery life in active mode thanks to power-efficient architecture ACTIVE-mode current as low as 0.5mA/MHz

AT91SAM7L provides longer battery life and lower overall system cost in dual-cell modes!

Innovative Design Techniques Sub 0.18µm technology for high performance and low dynamic power consumption Power switching Voltage scaling Clock switching Cell libraries, Zero POR, BOD and Voltage Regulator designed for minimum leakage current

AT91SAM7L Applications Well-suited for products powered by user-replaceable batteries such as: Calculator/translator ZigBee and Wireless modules Medical/Healthcare/Fitness Remote Control Toys Audio players PDA, GPS,voice recorders Watches Sensors PC Wireless peripherals House control Mobile Accessories

AT91SAM7L Block Diagram Segment LCD Controller 40 segments X ARM7TDMI Microcontrollers AT91SAM7L64 AT91SAM7L128 JTAG Boundary Scan System Peripherals Segment LCD Controller 40 segments X 10 Terminals ARM7TDMI JTAG ICE AIC 1.8V Voltage Regulator PIOA/B/C DBGU PDC SRAM 2KB (Backup) 4KB (Core) Flash 64-128kB ROM Package LCD Voltage Regulator QFP128 WDT IAP BGA144 PIT FFPI RC OSC 2MHz SAM-BA Boot Key Features LCD Charge Pump PCK-MCK 37MHz PLL Single Supply AMBA System Bus PMC Power On Reset Backup Unit Dual Internal RC BOD RTC Peripheral Bridge Peripheral DMA Controller: 11 channels Programmable Brownout POR APB RC OSC 32kHz I/O 1.8V or 3.3V RSTC Security Bit Supply Contr XTAL 32kHz User Peripherals ADC x4 PDC PWM x4 I/O x80 16-bit Timer x3 USART PDC SPI PDC TWI PDC USART PDC

AT91SAM7L Performance Low power design with the right performance Maximum operating frequency Industrial worst case, 3.0V: 37 MHz Industrial worst case, 1.8V: 30 MHz 128-bit Flash Access Single cycle random Flash access up to 17MHz Zero wait state Flash in sequential accesses Page Programming time 4.6ms max (auto-erase included) Peripheral DMA controller unlocks processor performance for the application

AT91SAM7L Power Supply Considerations

Power Supplies Seven types of power supply pins VDDIO1 pin VDDOUT pin Main regulator Input, Power all the PIOC I/O lines: 1.8V-3.6V VDDOUT pin Main regulator Output: 1.35V-1.8V VDDCORE pin Power the logic, the PLL, the Fast RC Osc, ADC and Flash: 1.35V-1.8V VDDLCD pin LCD regulator Input. Voltage ranges 2.5V-3.6V. VDDIO2 pin LCD regulator output. Power LCD and PIOA and PIOB I/O lines VDDINLCD pin Charge pump Input: 1.8V-3.6V VDD3V6 pin Charge pump Output: 3.6V

Single Power Supply System Directly powered from batteries Usage of the embedded charge pump and LCD voltage regulator

LCD Voltage Regulator Externally Supplied Saving Charge Pump power consumption 250µA on VDDINLCD and 50µA on VDDIO1

LCD Driver Externally Supplied Saving Charge Pump and LCD Voltage Regulator power consumption 250µA on VDDINLCD and 50µA on VDDIO1 30µA on VDDLCD

LCD Not Used VDDLCD must be powered due to design constraint

Main Voltage regulator Features 3 different operating modes: Normal mode: less than 30 µA static and draws 60 mA Deep mode: less than 8.5 µA static and draw up to 1 mA Shutdown mode: less than 1 µA Caution: VDDCORE cannot be powered by an external voltage regulator is not allowed whereas it was possible in previous SAM7 devices Programmable Ouput Voltage In Deep and Normal modes only 4 steps from 1.55V to 1.80V Reading the Flash at 1.55V MCK maximum frequency is 25 MHz 1.8V to 3.6V 1.55V to 1.8V Scalable Voltage Regulator DEEP SHDW VRVDD

Reset Controller Zero-power Power-On Reset allows Supply Controller to start properly POR threshold voltage rising is 2.2V on VDDIO1 POR threshold voltage falling is 1.8V on VDDIO1 Need a voltage battery higher than 2.2V at start up NRSTB is an ASYNCHRONOUS Reset pin Active in all power modes Acts exactly as the zero-power power-on reset When asserted low, the supply controller is reset and the system parts are powered off

Brown Out Detector Monitors VDDIO1 Programmable threshold Disabled by default (to be enabled by software) Programmable threshold From 1.9V to 3.4V with 100mV steps Generate either a Reset of the core or a wake-up of the core power supply “Switched” mode: Periodic checks of VDDIO1 reduce BOD current consumption down to 2µA Every 32, 256 or 2048 SLCK periods

AT91SAM7L Clock Considerations

Saving Power with Clock Flexibility Many designers equate low power to slow clock frequencies However depending on what the MCU is doing and what low power mode are available on the MCU, running at maximum speed can actually save power Need an MCU with flexible clocks!

Clock Sources Slow Clock – SLCK Main Clock – MAINCK PLL Clock – PLLCK On-chip 32KHz RC oscillator (20KHz-44KHz) Xtal 32KHz oscillator featuring bypass mode Selection is made through XTALSEL bit in SUPC_CR Main Clock – MAINCK On-chip 2MHz RC oscillator (1.35MHz-2.65MHz) External clock on CLKIN pin up to 32MHz Selection is made through MCKSEL bit in CKGR_MOR PLL Clock – PLLCK Input frequency: SLCK Output frequency: 18 to 47MHz PLL fast startup to reach 70% of its target frequency in less than 60µs

Reset State On-chip 32KHz RC oscillator is enabled and selected as being SLCK Xtal 32KHz oscillator is powered and disabled On-chip 2MHz RC oscillator is enabled and selected as being MAINCK PLL is disabled The Processor and the Master Clock selection is the on-chip 2MHz RC oscillator

Clock Management Diagram In: SLCK (32KHz) Out: 18MHz - 47MHz IDLE mode support Select the master clock CSS PLLRC external filter CPU On/Off PCK PLLCK PLL 20-44kHz On-Chip 32KHz RC Osc. PCK max 37MHz XTALSEL Prescaler 1..64 Step: power of 2 MCK SLCK Periph Clk On/Off Crystal 32KHz or Ext clock on XIN XIN XOUT Crystal Osc. Peripherals CLOCKS Ext 44KHz max MCK_SEL Ext. Clk up to 32MHz CLKIN MAINCK On-Chip 2MHz RC Osc. PLLCK SLCK Prescaler 1..64 Step: power of 2 pck[0:2] MAINCK Programmable clock

Clock Management Diagram In: SLCK (32KHz) Out: 18MHz - 47MHz IDLE mode support Select the master clock CSS PLLRC external filter CPU On/Off PCK PLLCK PLL 20-44kHz On-Chip 32KHz RC Osc. PCK max 37MHz XTALSEL At Reset Prescaler 1..64 Step: power of 2 MCK SLCK Periph Clk On/Off Crystal 32KHz or Ext clock on XIN XIN XOUT Crystal Osc. Peripherals CLOCKS Ext 44KHz max At Reset MCK_SEL Ext. Clk up to 37MHz CLKIN MAINCK On-Chip 2MHz RC Osc. PLLCK SLCK Prescaler 1..64 Step: power of 2 pck[0:2] MAINCK Programmable clock

What about accuracy? Both on-chip RC oscillators do not provide good accuracy On-chip 32KHz RC oscillator (20KHz-44KHz) On-chip 2MHz RC oscillator (1.35MHz-2.65MHz) For applications requiring better accuracy Xtal 32KHz oscillator or external 32KHz clock signal External clock signal on XIN Auto calibration by software using an external signal DBGU in SAM-BA Boot

Voltage Regulator + 1 SLCK cycle Power-on to First-Instruction Startup Time – OFF MODE Power-On & Low level on FWUP First Instruction Fetched 30 SLCK cycles 1ms max. 430µs max. 2 MAINCK cycles 1µs max. 800µs max. POR Startup Voltage Regulator + 1 SLCK cycle FWUP Debouncing CPU Startup 2,2ms max. Power-on to First-Instruction

Wake-up Time – Backup MODE Sources First Instruction Fetched 430µs max. 5µs max. 2 MAINCK cycles 1µs max. Voltage Regulator + 1 SLCK cycle 2MHz RC Startup CPU Startup 440µs max.

Wake-up Time – Wait MODE Sources Next Instruction Fetched 5µs max. 2 MAINCK cycles 1µs max. 2MHz RC Startup CPU Startup Voltage Regulator in deep or normal mode Voltage Regulator in deep or normal mode 6µs max.

What’s new? First SAM7 device with Xtal 32KHz oscillator including bypass mode support Fast on-chip 2MHz RC oscillator After reset, the Main Clock derives from the on-chip 2MHz RC oscillator

AT91SAM7L Supply Controller

Remove power from the chip? MCU's are moving into smaller geometries to reduce die size, which results in transistors that cannot tolerate direct application of 3 or more volts. So, voltage regulators are used to drop the voltage to the internal logic Unfortunately, these regulators add to the MCU's current draw. Removing power requires a more expensive toggle switch to disable power-up to the chip

AT91SAM7L Power Control Power switching Voltage scaling PIOC 1.8V to 3.6V VDDIO1 VDDIO1 Power Supply Controller PIOC 32kHz RC Osc SRAM 2KB(backup) 32kHz Crystal Osc RTC POR BOD PIOA / PIOB VDDIO2 Charge Pump VDD3V6 VDDLCD VDDOUT VDDCORE VDDIO2 VDDINLCD VDDIO1 LCD Regulator LCD Controller ARM7TDMI Memory Controller SRAM 4KB Peripherals Fast RC Osc Scalable Main Voltage Regulator FLASH VDDCORE

Low Power Modes OFF Mode Backup Mode Wait Mode Idle Mode Power consumption 100nA typ Real OFF-mode Use of a push button instead of a regular switch Tie FWUP pin low when OFF mode is not used Backup Mode Power consumption 3µA typ Backup SRAM and RTC are optional in this mode Various wake-up sources Wait Mode Power consumption 9 µA typ Fast wake-up time of 6µs (maximum) Wake-up from where the code has been stopped Idle Mode Same mode as all SAM7 components: PCK is Off Wake-up by interrupt

100 nA typ OFF Mode (Entry State) Wait Mode Backup Mode Idle Mode Wake-up 5ms Sleep 60µs Active Mode VReg out = 1.8V PMC out = 2MHz Processor clock on Backup SRAM ON Wake up > 1ms Wake-up 6µs Wake-up 500µs Sleep 2µs Sleep 60µs Wait Mode VReg out = 1.35V PMC out = 0Hz Backup SRAM ON RTC ON LCD OFF Flash OFF Backup Mode VReg OFF PMC OFF Backup SRAM ON RTC ON LCD OFF Idle Mode VReg out = 1.35V PMC out = 500Hz Processor clock off Backup SRAM ON RTC ON LCD OFF 9 µA typ 3µA typ 13 µA typ

AT91SAM7L Peripherals

Wide range of on-chip peripherals SPI, USART, I²C, Timer Counters, PWM, I/Os, RTC, ADC and Segment LCD Controller No USB Device Port No SSC (I2S) No High-current drive pads (16mA)

SLCD Controller Up to 40 segments and 10 Commons Support Static, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/7, 1/8, 1/9 & 1/10 duty Support Static, 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4 bias LCD regulator Output Voltage (Contrast) Software Selectable between 2.4 and 3.4V (16 steps) Flexible selection of frame frequency (from Slow Clock) Display Data Latch (Full freedom in Memory Register update) Not needed Segment and Common pins can be used as I/Os Programmable Buffer Driving Time (Up to 100% of the time)

Continuously clocked by SLCK Real Time Clock Continuously clocked by SLCK Complete time-of-day clock with alarm and a two-hundred-year Gregorian calendar Time and calendar values are coded in binary-coded decimal (BCD) format Time format can be 24-hour mode or 12-hour mode with an AM/PM indicator Five programmable alarm fields: month, date, hours, minutes and seconds

I/Os 80 IOs : PIOA, PIOB and PIOC Schmitt triggers on all inputs IOs are not 5V tolerant Maximum frequency PIOC : 37MHz @3V, 20MHz @1V8 (max) PIOA, PIOB : 36MHz @3V, 20MHz @1V8 (max) PIOC5 to PIOC8 drive 4mA All other I/Os drive 2mA

AT91SAM7L Memory Mapping / Boot

Memory Mapping Common peripherals between SAM7S/X/SE and SAM7L have same user interface addresses The split 6 Kbytes of SRAM (4KB Core + 2KB Backup) are seen contiguously at address: @ 0x002F F000 0x0020 0000 SRAM Core 4KB 1MB 0x002F FFFF 0x0030 0000 SRAM Backup 2KB 1MB 0x003F FFFF

BootROM Memory Contains 3 applications: No external Crystal needed SAM-BA Boot Provides In-System Programming Solutions through serial communication channels Fast Flash Programming Interface (FFPI) Provides Production Programming Solutions using gang programmers IAP Function: In Application Programming Function located in ROM, that can be called by any software application Executed from ROM, allows FLASH programming by code running in FLASH Takes one argument in parameter : the command to be sent to the EFC Send the desired FLASH command to the EFC and waits for the FLASH to be ready No external Crystal needed

Boot Solutions GPNVM1 = 0 GPNVM1 = 1 ROM mapped by default

Boot Solutions TST = 1 PC0=PC1=1 FFPI Boot From ROM SAM-BA Boot No TST = 1 Yes PC0=PC1=1 FFPI Boot From ROM SAM-BA Boot Security Bit Must Be Cleared Power Up GPNVM1 = 1 User Application Boot From Flash

Clear GPNVM1 to boot from Boot Solutions Yes GPNVM1 = 1 No Boot From FLASH: Boot From ROM: Flash @: 0x0010_0000 ROM @: 0x0000_0000 (and 0x0040_0000) SAM-BA Boot Flash @: 0x0000_0000 (and 0x0010_0000) ROM @: 0x0040_0000 User Application Set GPNVM1 to boot from Flash after reset By Software (EFC) Clear GPNVM1 to boot from ROM after reset By Software (EFC) or ERASE pin Power Up

For seminars and training only! AT91SAM7L-EK For seminars and training only!

AT91SAM7L-EK One handheld board One 400-segment LCD Display One 35-key Keyboard (7x5 matrix) Two AAA battery clip socket IrDA transceiver Weather Station (Temperature/Pressure sensor) SPI DataFlash® SD/MMC Card connector ZIGBEE expansion connector (optional RZ502 board) One VCC battery input monitor One Force Wake-up push button One Reset push button Configuration Jumpers

AT91SAM7L-EK One docking board 5-Volt DC power supply input One Yellow Power Supply LED (software controlled) Two Green User LEDs One JTAG/ICE interface One HE10 ADC connector (4 inputs) Three expansion connectors (PIOA, PIOB, PIOC)

Official AT91SAM7L Starter Kit available for customers! AT91SAM7L-STK Official AT91SAM7L Starter Kit available for customers!

AT91SAM7L-STK Low cost version One 400-segment LCD Display Two AAA battery clip socket One JTAG/ICE interface ZIGBEE expansion connector One expansion connectors (PIOC) One Force Wake-up push button One Reset push button Four User push buttons

AT91SAM7L Key Selling Features Directly Supplied by batteries Embeds a 30MIPS processor with a 6KBytes SRAM and a 64KBytes or 128KBytes Flash 2Kbytes Backup SRAM + RTC for a few µA Offers a wide range of operating modes Guarantees µsec-range wake-up time Embeds a wide range of peripherals SPI, USART, I²C, Timer Counters, PWM, I/Os, ADC Embeds a 40x10 Segment LCD Controller On-chip voltage regulator and contrast control 2 packages options QFP128 or BGA144