Michigan’s Forests Topic 1104 History of Logging in Michigan Mr. Christensen.

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Presentation transcript:

Michigan’s Forests Topic 1104 History of Logging in Michigan Mr. Christensen

Today’s Objectives Identify characteristics of Michigan’s pre- settlement forests Identify individuals and events that impacted Michigan’s forests Describe Michigan’s Logging era and its aftermath Describe Michigan’s forests today, their economic impact, and how they are managed

The Forests of Michigan in 1840 From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies —

Michigan’s Logging Era 1840’s NewYork’s Forests cannot meet demand From 1869 to 1900 Michigan is NO. 1 in logging Michigan’s lumber value exceeds the value of the California gold rush by 1 Billion $ 160 Billion Board Feet (four foot by eight foot stack five times to the moon and back)

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies Michigan in 1840

Michigan Logging THE TARGET Cork Pine 300 years old 200 feet tall and 5 to 7 feet in diameter Land is $1.25/acre Homestead Act—160 acres Surveyors Timber Cruisers—look for Pine Groves

Logging Camps Two foremen and seventy men 20 teams of horses 7 yoke of oxen Cold Weather Job—ice roads 4:00 AM until Dusk Choppers/Sawyers/River Hogs/Boomers and Jam Crackers

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies — Shanty Boys

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies —

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies — Choppers

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies —

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies —

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies —

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies — Skidders

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies —

Logging in Winter From Michigan History Magazine at:

Big Wheels invented by Silas Overpack in 1776 From Michigan History Magazine at: Silas Overpack

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies —

From the Mihcigan Forests Forever Teachers Guide website at

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies —

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies — Gabriel Horn

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies —

Log Marks Log Marks 1842 Log Piracy Assist in sorting process From Michigan History Magazine at:

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies — Boomers

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies — Log Jam job for the Jam Crackers

Log Jam on the Grand River in 1883 Jam Crackers would dynamite the log jams to break them up From Michigan History Magazine at :

Narrow Gage Railways From Michigan History Magazine at: Introduced by Winfield Scott Gerrish in 1776

Sawmill at Menominee (1832) From Michigan History Magazine at:

From the Mihcigan Forests Forever Teachers Guide website at

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies —

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies —

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies —

p From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies Michigan 1840

Results of Logging Lumber Barons—men who made their fortunes in logging Stumps were cleared and farming began Massive fires in the debris and underbrush in 1871(Manistee/Saginaw 2 million acres), 1881(thumb 280 dead) and million acres Erosion

From the Mihcigan Forests Forever Teachers Guide website at

From:Michigan EPIC Center for Michigan History Studies

Return of Michigan’s Forests Conservation Movement Teddy Roosevelt, Gifford Pinchot and John Muir 1895 First State Park (Mackinac Island) 1900 First State Forests (Roscommon & Crawford Counties Great Depression—Land Abandoned— Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) 1933

Michigan 50 Camps Planted 500 million trees Fought Fires Built 7,000 miles of road Improved Streams Stocked Lakes with 150 million fish Build Seney Wildlife Refuge

State Forest System Four Million Acres 20% of Michigan’s Forests 2 nd largest state forest system National Forests 2.6 Million Acres Threats Intensive browsing of deer Forest ownership/parcelization

Michigan’s Forests Today 11.5 Billion Trees, more are added each year, they cover 53% of Michigan Trees are smaller, fewer pine, tamarack and hemlock more aspens, red maple and paper birch. Tallest tree—white pine 201 feet in (Marquette County) and largest tree Black Willow (Grand Traverse County)

Michigan’s Forest Industry Today Forestry is a 12 Billion $ industry plus 3+ billion $ from forest based recreation Forest industry provides 200,000 jobs and over 1.3 billion board feet of lumber annually Highly mechanized forest harvest and replanting