Windbreak Technology Provided by: John Harrington Mora Research Center New Mexico State University.

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Presentation transcript:

Windbreak Technology Provided by: John Harrington Mora Research Center New Mexico State University

General Benefits of Windbreaks Wind Direction

Windbreak Design

Windbreak Benefits Climate amelioration Home protection Soil protection Crop production Livestock protection Wildlife habitat

Windbreaks Alter Microclimate Obstruction Filtration GuidanceDeflection

Windbreaks reduce wind speed Distance (h) Wind speed (m/h) Excellent ProtectionFair Protection Minimum Protection

Windbreaks alter windspeed- Caborn 1957 Dense composition Loose Composition Wind Flow through Windbreaks

Windbreaks- Geiger 1950 Very Dense Dense Loose

Windbreaks Trap Snow Distance (m) Snow Depth (m) 1.5 m spacing4.5 m spacing

Windbreak Benefits Climate amelioration Home protection Soil protection Crop production Livestock protection Wildlife habitat

Windbreaks Alter Microclimate 10X the tree height

Windbreaks reduce heating costs Distance (h) Reduction (%)

Windbreak placement can affect solar heating

Sound Attenuation / U rban Forestry 1988

Windbreak Benefits Climate amelioration Home protection Soil protection Crop production Livestock protection Wildlife habitat

Plant strips control wind erosion Width of Plant Strips (m)

Crop residue reduces wind erosion Crop Residue (kg/ha) Soil Erosion (kg/ha)

Windbreak Benefits Climate amelioration Home protection Soil protection Crop production Livestock protection Wildlife habitat

Windbreaks increase crop yield Crop Alfalfa Millet Barley Winter wheat Hay Rye Corn Spring wheat Oats Yield increase 99% 44% 25% 23% 20% 19% 12% 8% 6%

Windbreaks increase crop yield Distance (h) Yield (% of normal)

Windbreaks compete with crop yield Distance (h) Oats fresh weight (g/m 2 )

Windbreak Benefits Climate amelioration Home protection Soil protection Crop production Livestock protection Wildlife habitat

Critical Windchill Factors for Livestock Temperature ( o F) Windspeed (mph) Windchill ( o F) Danger Zone

Windbreaks protect livestock Cows in good condition: 10 o ↓ →↑ 13% energy requirements Cows on poor condition: 10 o ↓ →↑ 30% energy requirements

Milk production is a function of temperature Temperature ( o F) Milk Production (#/d)

Feed to produce hogs (no hair) is a function of temperature Temperature ( o F) Feed Amount (#)

Windbreak Benefits Climate amelioration Home protection Soil protection Crop production Livestock protection Wildlife habitat

Wildlife Habitat/ U.Mass. CES 1993

Windbreaks provide wildlife habitat Benefits: Amenity Recreation Hunting User Fees Non-migrating bird species

Windbreaks--Conclusions Decrease home heating/cooling Decrease wind-induced soil erosion Increase crop yield (reduced water stress) Increase feed efficiency for livestock –Meat –Milk Improved wildlife habitat