Lecture 1: Overview on Animal Locomotion. Control systems are closely coupled = (controller) (plant) Feedforward Control.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Feedback A response resulting from some form of input as in a reflex reaction that results from a stimulus The source of our interaction with the physical.

Advertisements

Chapter 29.  Animals are mostly water  Intracellular Fluid (ICF)  Most of water  Within cells  Extracellular Fluid (ECF)  The rest of the water,

Motor systems1 ACTIVE SENSING Lecture 2: Motor systems.

Sliding Filament Theory

EMPLOYING ASSUR TENSEGRITY STRUCTURES METHODS FOR SIMULATING A CATERPILLAR LOCOMOTION.

Muscle-Reflex Model That Encodes Principles of Legged Mechanics Produces Human Walking Dynamics and Muscle Activities 서울대학교 이경호

Lecture 5 Dimitar Stefanov. Definitions: Purpose of the muscles is to produce tension Metabolic efficiency – the measure of a muscle’s ability to convert.

Body Structure 37.3 Muscular System

1B3 Sensory System. the role of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) is to control all the actions of the body This CNS has been preserved for display in.

The Muscular System The Skeletal Muscles.

Muscular System. Classification Red vs. White Somatic vs. Visceral –Move bones or cartilages vs. organs, vessels, and ducts. Voluntary vs. Involuntary.

Notes pg 71 Title: Nervous System How does information get from one place in your body to another?

10/10/02 Zurich-02 How does the lamprey swim? All you ever wanted to know about the CPG for lamprey locomotion The role of coupling, mechanics and sensory.

Biology 201 Dr. Edwin DeMont St. Francis Xavier University The Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water.

Chapter 13 Sprinting and Speed Training. What is sprinting? Short-duration, high-intensity activities at distances of no more than –200 meters for swimming.

Chapter 13 Sprinting and Speed Training. Key Concepts.

Physics of fusion power Lecture 11: Diagnostics / heating.

Chapter 13 Spinal Control of Movement

BE 152: Membranes to Motion Instructors: Michael Dickinson Scott Fraser TA:

Motor system I: spinal cord circuits and motor output 1.Overview of the motor system 2.Topographic relationship between spinal motor neurons and muscles.

A. Functions of Skeletal Muscle Locomotion Locomotion Body posture Body posture Venous return Venous return Thermogenesis Thermogenesis Overview of Muscle.

Organization of the Motor System A. Closed-loop 1. triggered directly by sensory input 2. reflexive.

Coordinating Central Pattern Generators for Locomotion For repetitive movements such as seen in locomotion, oscillators have been proposed to control the.

Biological motor control Andrew Richardson McGovern Institute for Brain Research March 14, 2006.

Nervous System. How did our nervous system work in the Impulse Activity we just completed? How did our nervous system work in the Impulse Activity we.

Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3e

1/9/2015 Entry Task: What did you learn from our hand holding/impulse activity while you acted like neurons?

Perspectives on Walking in an Environment Işık Barış Fidaner BM 526 Project.

1B3 Sensory System. 1B3 Sensory System OB29 describe the role of the central nervous system and the sensory.

Gait development in children. The prerequisite for Gait development Adequate motor control. C.N.S. maturation. Adequate R.O.M. Muscle strength. Appropriate.

Unit 3 Opener. Figure 16.1 Overall organization of neural structures that control movement.

Legged Robot Locomotion Control  Legged Robot Locomotion Control  CPG-and-reflex based Control of Locomotion.

Spinal Control of Movement Lesson 19. Anatomy n Ventral Spinal Cord l Topographic organization n Alpha motor neurons n Spinal interneurons n Striate muscle.

Receiving information from the environment to coordinate a response Pg

CONTROL OF MUSCLE MOVEMENT D. C. MIKULECKY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY.

Comparative Vertebrate Physiology

Neuromuscular Control of Movement

Dynamic Forces Fig. from Warrick et al Nature.

Dr. Aida Korish Assoc. Prof. Physiology KSU

PHYSIOLOGY 1 LECTURE 17 SKELETAL MUSCLE MECHANICS.

Organization of Neural Structures Involved in the Control of Movement.

1 SPINAL CORD II Reflexes of the Spinal Cord C.R. Houser.

Prefixes and Suffixes blast = budding or germ clast = break myo- = muscle sarco – flesh - algia or alg(i)o = pain arthr(o) = pertaining to the joints or.

Introduction to Movement

SENSORY AND MOTOR SYSTEMS: REFLEXES

Marine Mammal Locomotion

Coupling ratio of geophone in the sea bed

Crossed Extensor Reflex

Nervous System. Structures  Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves Function  Recognizes and coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal.

Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae

Proprioception Sense of place and position Sensory afferents –Muscle spindles –Joint receptors –Cutaneous afferents Other mechanisms –Force feedback (Golgi.

Lecture 22: Locomotion Locomotion is an activity leading to a change in the location of the body in external space. Examples: walking, running, hopping,

Figure The Contraction Cycle Figure Figure The Contraction Cycle Figure

The Nervous System. Regulation The control and coordination of life activities – All organisms use chemicals to regulate life activities – Multicellular.

Stryker Interaction Design Workshop September 7-8, January 2006 Functional biomimesis * Compliant Sagittal Rotary Joint Active Thrusting Force *[Cham.

Robot Intelligence Technology Lab. 10. Complex Hardware Morphologies: Walking Machines Presented by In-Won Park

Skeletal & Muscular Systems

PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.

Ch9. Motor System.

PHYSIOLOGY 1 LECTURE 20A SKELETAL MUSCLE SPINAL REFLEXES.

An unexpected perturbation of a joint gives rise to a sequence of EMG events in a stretched muscle. The first one (M 1 ) comes at a short latency (under.

MUSCLES LECTURE 14 CHAPTER 12 MECHANISMS OF CONTRACTION.

Forces, Motion, and Machines

Skeletal & Muscular Systems

Human Movement Science Chapter 5

Biology of Marine Mammals

Nervous System Overview

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Presentation transcript:

Lecture 1: Overview on Animal Locomotion

Control systems are closely coupled = (controller) (plant) Feedforward Control

Control systems are closely coupled =

Feedback Control

Forcing the issue ground reaction force exerted by leg ground reaction force shortening body

Force sensor Forcing the issue Ground reaction forces vary with time.

Forcing the issue

= =

Leaving the straight and narrow

Muscles are more than motors

sarcomere Muscles are more than motors

strain stress strain (  length /length) stress (force /area) stim extensor flexor 3) measure force 2) stimulate In phase 1) oscillate muscle Muscles are more than motors activate here

strain stress slope = stiffness changing activation phase Muscle do not have to work as motors to function. Muscles are more than motors

Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm Whale) largest toothed whale 20 meters long 50,000 Kilograms 70 year lifespan pan-global distribution 200,000 population

Central Nervous System

Central Pattern Generator motor nerve sensory nerve dorsal ventral

Musculoskeletal System

sarcomere Musculoskeletal System

myosin power stroke = 10 x M whale length = 60 M ~10 10 ratio Musculoskeletal System

myoglobin

Musculoskeletal System

Indohyus, 48 mya Musculoskeletal System

Hydrodynamic Force Velocity, U Force = ½ C S U 2  C = force coefficient of fluke S = Surface area of fluke U = velocity  = density of sea water Hydrodynamics

path of fluke thrust +lift thrust -lift Hydrodynamics thrust +lift

Emits sound at 230 decibels! Sensory Systems

Can dive to 3 Kilometers Higher Order Locomotion

Lecture 1: Overview on Animal Locomotion