ENZYMES Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Advertisements

Enzymes and Coenzymes I Dr. Sumbul Fatma Clinical Chemistry Unit Department of Pathology.

Enzymes.  Describe the characteristics of biological catalysts (enzymes).  Compare inorganic catalysts and biological catalysts (enzymes).  Describe.

Microbial Metabolism. What is metabolism? Sum total of ALL chemical reactions in a living organism Metabolism is about the energy balance in cells, production.

1 Enzymes Enzymes are biological catalysts. Recall that a catalyst speeds up the rate of a reaction by decreasing the activation energy needed for the.

Enzyme Catalysis (26.4) Enzymes are catalysts, so their kinetics can be explained in the same fashion Enzymes – Rate law for enzyme catalysis is referred.

ENZYMES Crystal structure of trypsin

Enzymes – not just your run of the mill protein! Happiness for me is largely a matter of digestion -Lin Yutang.

Active sites Enzyme Enzymes are Proteins that act as Biological Catalyst A B C D Enzyme/Substrate Complex Enzyme + Products Substrates are the reactants.

Enzymes Chapter 8 (sections 4 & 5) Biology – Campbell Reece.

Enzymes 1.7 & 3.3.

Enzymes. biological catalysts speed up chemical reactions without being consumed usually proteins with tertiary or quaternary structure.

19.1 Nomenclature and Classification

ENZYMES Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions.

Metabolic Pathways  Linked reactions, one reaction leads to another  Enzyme – organic catalyst (speeds chemical reaction)  Ribozymes – made of RNA,

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action Stryer Short Course Chapter 6.

Chapter 6 Enzymes. Metabolic Reactions Metabolism – All the reactions that happen in the cell – Reactions have two sides 1.What goes into the reaction.

Enzymes. Metabolism The sum of all the chemical reactions in your body What does it mean if you have a high metabolism? Low? Does your metabolism change?

Enzymes (Foundation Block)

Enzymes Protein structures that lower activation energy.

Enzymes 1.7. Enzymes proteins produced by cells biological catalysts speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.

Molecule, Gene, and disease Sun. 2 – 3 – 2014 Session 3 Enzymes and enzyme regulation Dr. Muna A. R.

Enzyme Features Increase rate of reaction Active site binds substrate Unchanged by overall reaction.

3.3 & 3.4 Enzymes Lecture Radjewski. Biology, Sixth Edition Chapter 6, Energy and Metabolism Enzymes Enzymes are protein catalysts enormously speed up.

Chapter 4 Enzymes and Energy

LECTURE 2: ENZYME KINETICS. 1.A catalyst lowers energy of activation by providing a different mechanism for the reaction. Both the rates of forward and.

1 Enzymes This is a video, click below to see clip. If it doesn’t work, copy and paste link to see video. bug.

Enzymes. n Catalytic proteins n Catalyst - a chemical agent that changes the rate of reaction, without being consumed by the reaction.

Enzymes, inhibition. ENZYMES, CATALYSTS OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 1.Enzymes in general 2. Development of enzymes 3. General mechanisms of enzymes 4. Kinetic.

Enzymes. Let's Review: ΔG and rxn spontaneity Let's Review: Protein Structure.

1 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Enzymes Enzyme Action Factors Affecting Enzyme Action Enzyme Inhibition.

Isoenzymes. Enzymodiagnostics.

Lab: principles of protein purification

Prof. Dr. Azza Hassan AbouGhalia. 1. Oxidoreductases :  Catalyze oxidation- reduction reactions. i.e. transfer of: Hydrogen atoms, Hydride ions, Electrons,

Fundamentals of Biochemistry

Enzyme Why Are Enzymes So Important? Why are we devoting two whole lecture topic to a enzyme? Nearly all chemical reactions in biological cells need.

Enzymes. Amino Acid Basic Structure Primary Structure.

Enzymes- biological catalysts Enzymes are proteins, eg. amylase, lipase, protease Activity depends on tertiary and quaternary structure and the specificity.

How Enzymes Work Pratt & Cornely Ch 6.

 Metabolism  Totality of an organism’s chemical processes  Catabolic pathways (release energy)  Breakdown  Respiration  Anabolic pathway  Build.

R max and K m (26.4) Constants from Michaelis-Menten equation give insight into qualitative and quantitative aspects of enzyme kinetics Constants – Indicate.

Enzymes. What is an enzyme? Organic catalyst Protein molecule.

Enzymes The CONTROLLERS of Energy Transformations /

Enzymes and isoenzymes

Proteins Making Chemical Reactions Possible. ATB Get a Textbook and turn to page 42.

Enzymes. Introduction Enzymes = organic molecules act as catalysts – Type of protein Catalyst = reduce amount of activation energy needed for reaction.

E N Z Y M E S What are they? What do they do? How do they work?

Enzymes Chapter 8.

Enzymes Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (i.e., increase or decrease the rates of) chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the.

Chapter 7 Enzyme Mechanisms.

Dr.Sunita Adhikari (Nee Pramanik)

Chemical Reactions, Energy & enzymes

Enzymes Enzymes can speed up a chemical reaction without being altered. Enzymes are biological catalysts. Each acts on a specific substance. The specificity.

Enzymes B11 Reference: chapter 5 of your text Quiz Wed March 31

What are Enzymes? Catalysts change the rate of the reaction without being altered themselves. Enzymes are biological catalysts. Enzymes are (mostly) proteins,

ENZYMES! Enzymes.

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Energy and Metabolism Unit 5.

Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Enzymes 2nd year Biology department

Presentation transcript:

ENZYMES Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Protein structure overview

Enzymes as biological catalysts Enzymes are proteins Enzymes reduce the activation energy of a single and specific chemical reactions active site/unique surface structure Enzymes are not altered by the reaction Enzymes are biological catalysts. They stabilize the transition state from substrate to product Many enzymes use co-enzymes (co-factors) to achive maximum activity. metal ions, vitamins

Structure is everything!!!!!!! Burg-Waechter.de

Orotidine-P decarboxylase OMP UMP +CO2

Working with enzymes makes you really happy! Leonor Michaelis Maud Menten

Michaelis-Menten diagram with inhibitor and activator

Competetive inhibition

Non competetive inhibition

Lineweaver-Burk equation Double reciprocal plot of linear transformation of MM equation Y-intercept 1/Vmax X-intercept -1/Km

Inhibition of enzymatic reactions competetive uncompetetive Non-competetive

Optimal conditions for enzymatic reactions Temperature: optimal reaction temperature depends on environment (Thermophilus aquaticus, ice fish) pH: a-amylase in the mouth (spit) peptidases and proteases in stomach Co-factors Prostetic groups: heme, flavin, iron-sulfur groups metal ions, (Mg2+ DNA polymerase) Coenzymes: (vitamins), CoenzymeA (acyl groups), NADH (dehydrogenase) – NAD- (reductase) ATP (Kinase) – ADP (phosphatase) SAM (S-adenosyl methionine) (ACC synthase)