History Repeats Itself

Napoleon Gains Notoriety October 1795 Napoleon ordered to guard delegates of National Convention Successfully defended and became a national hero 1796 Napoleon appointed to lead the French vs. Austria and Sardinia Sweeps into Italy and conquers Covers up his defeat in Egypt later that year at the hands of the British

The Coup d’Etat November 1799 People had lost faith in the Directory Napoleon urged to take control Directory is dissolved and Napoleon appointed consul (1 of 3) Quickly takes control and becomes dictator Austria, Britain, and Russia join forces Hope to defeat Napoleon Through war and diplomacy he signs treaties with all three By 1802 there is peace in Europe

Domestic Success People need a strong leader Napoleon keeps some Revolution changes Sets up efficient tax collection and national bank Dismisses corrupt officials Goes against the Revolution Restores Church power but keeps them from national affairs The Napoleonic Code Uniform set of laws Eliminated injustices Limited liberties Promotes order over individual rights Freedom of speech and press are restricted Restores slavery in the French Caribbean

Emperor Napoleon December 2, 1804 Napoleon crowned emperor of France Has support of the people Napoleon crowns himself Shows his authority over the Church

Napoleon’s Empire Saint Domingue People (including slaves) wanted Revolutionary reforms Civil War erupts Disease wreaks havoc on French troops and expedition fails Giving up the West Louisiana Purchase Gains money for European Wars Punishes the British

Conquering Europe Europe is fearful Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden join Napoleon’s cunning Unpredictable tactics lead to victories Austria, Prussia, and Russia sign treaties and give land France has largest European empire since the Romans Battle of Trafalgar British navy defeats French navy Napoleon’s only major loss in Europe Assured British naval superiority Napoleon gave up on defeating Britain

The Fall of the Empire The Continental System Blockades Britain from all other European countries but fails Britain responds with its own blockade which is more successful The Peninsular War Attempt to force blockade on Spain Guerilla fighters and British troops kill 30,000 French troops Nationalism erupts across Europe The Invasion of Russia Russia felt Napoleon had plans on taking Poland June 1812, 420,000 French troops enter Russia Czar Alexander pulls his troops back and uses the scorched-earth policy Napoleon keeps marching until he hits Moscow (which is burnt down) Turns back in October and forced to march through Russian winter Only 10,000 survived exhaustion, starvation, and wounds

Napoleon’s Last Stand Spotting a weakness Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, and Austria fight back Napoleon’s new army was untrained and unprepared January-March 1814 Prussia and Russia move towards and conquer Paris Napoleon surrenders and is exiled to Elba The Hundred Days Louis XVIII takes the French throne but is unpopular Napoleon escapes Elba and is welcomed back as emperor Battle of Waterloo (June 18, 1815) Britain and Prussia attack and win Napoleon’s Exiled to St. Helena where he dies in 1821