Figure 7.9 Frequency-dependent selection alcock9e-fig-07-09-0.jpg

Figure 7.10 Two hereditary forms of an African cichlid fish alcock9e-fig-07-10-0.jpg

Figure 7.11 The results of frequency-dependent selection in Perissodus microlepis alcock9e-fig-07-11-0.jpg

Figure 7.1 Optimal foraging decisions by northwestern crows when feeding on whelks alcock9e-fig-07-01-0.jpg

Survival of the fattest?

Would you like that super-sized?

Would you like that super-sized?

Can I have the Happy Meal?

Do you want fries with that?

Werner and Hall 1974 http://www.epa.gov/bioiweb1/html/photos_fish_freshwater_sunfishes.html http://evodevo.uoregon.edu/images/daphnia.gif

Can I have that to-go?

Fig. 10.10

Central-place foraging

Can I have that to-go?

Is that all you got?

Lima 1988 http://z.about.com/d/birding/1/7/m/6/2/juncosgrosbeak.jpg

But isn’t that place in a bad neighborhood?

Figure 7.6 Dugongs alter their foraging tactics when dangerous sharks are likely to be present alcock9e-fig-07-06-0.jpg

But isn’t that place in a bad neighborhood?

Figure 7.7 Even when predators do not directly kill their prey, they can force individuals to change behavior in ways that reduce reproductive output alcock9e-fig-07-07-0.jpg

Fig. 11.7

Lima et al. 1985

Lima et al. 1985

Lima and Valone 1986

Lima and Valone 1986 How does this affect diet?