Open Source, Open Science Dan L. Burk University of Minnesota Law School

Open Source Open Source Genomics Open Source Genomics Culture of Science Culture of Science Culture of Hacking Culture of Hacking Open Source Patenting Open Source Patenting Software Licensing Software Licensing Biotech Licensing Biotech Licensing Cyberinfrastructure Cyberinfrastructure Transborder Collaboration Transborder Collaboration

Open Science Scientific Norms Scientific Norms Communalism Communalism Universalism Universalism Independence Independence Organized Skepticism Organized Skepticism Originality Originality Deviations Deviations Reputational Rewards Reputational Rewards

Patent Incentives Financial Rewards Financial Rewards Secrecy Secrecy Exclusion Exclusion Commercial Exploitation Commercial Exploitation Human Genome Project Human Genome Project EST Patenting EST Patenting Public Repositories Public Repositories “Bermuda” Rules “Bermuda” Rules

Cyberinfrastructure “e-Science” “e-Science” Internet enabled Internet enabled Grid enabled Grid enabled Collaboratories Collaboratories Location Location Territoriality Territoriality Situs of Invention Situs of Invention Situs of Use Situs of Use

Open Source Coding Justifications Justifications Pragmatic Pragmatic Ethical Ethical Team Production Team Production Communal Norms Communal Norms “Hacker Ethic” “Hacker Ethic” Forking Deterrant Forking Deterrant Licensing Strategies Licensing Strategies

Examples Haplotype Map Haplotype Map Clickwrap Agreement Clickwrap Agreement Database Database BIOS BIOS Physical Tools Physical Tools Improvements or Products Improvements or Products Science Commons Science Commons Literature Literature

Legal Impediments Patent vs. Copyright Patent vs. Copyright Independent Creation Independent Creation Licensing Trigger Licensing Trigger Competitive Concerns Competitive Concerns Patent Pooling Patent Pooling Reverse “Reach-through” Reverse “Reach-through” Revers “Grant-back” Revers “Grant-back” Misuse Misuse

Cultural Impediments Institutional Academic Funding Agencies Laboratory Life Systemic Peer Review Publication Societies

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