Consumer Culture CHAPTER 8 BABIN / HARRIS CB PART 3 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Learning Outcomes Understand how culture provides the true meaning of objects and activities. Use the key dimensions of core societal values to understand the concept of cultural distance. Define acculturation and enculturation. List fundamental elements of verbal and nonverbal communication. Discuss current emerging consumer markets and scan for opportunities. 8-2 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

What Is Culture? Consumer culture—commonly held societal beliefs that define what is socially gratifying. Culture is everywhere and ultimately explains the habits and idiosyncrasies of all groups of consumers. Culture is hierarchical. Subculture—refers to a culture existing at a lower level than overall culture. LO1 8-3 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Culture, Meaning, and Value Culture shapes the value of consumer activities by: Giving meaning to objects Giving meaning to activities Facilitating communication LO1 8-4 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Cultural Norms Refers to rules that specify the appropriate behavior in a given situation within a specific culture. Mostly unwritten and simply understood by members of a cultural group. LO1 8-5 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Cultural Sanctions Penalties associated with performing a non-gratifying or culturally inconsistent behavior. Popular culture captures cultural trends and also shapes norms and sanctions within society. Sex-roles refer to the societal expectations for men and women among members of a cultural group. LO1 8-6 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Where Does Culture Come From? Ecological factors—physical characteristics that describe the physical environment and habitat of a particular place. Tradition—customs and accepted ways of structuring society. LO2 8-7 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Core Societal Values Core societal values (CSV) or cultural values—represent a commonly agreed upon consensus about the most preferable ways of living within a society. LO2 8-8 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Dimensions of Cultural Values Individualism/collectivism Masculinity/femininity Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Long-term orientation LO2 8-9 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Cultural Distance How should a company decide where they should expand internationally? Geographic distance—look to neighboring countries. Cultural distance—represents how disparate one nation is from another in terms of their CSVs. LO2 8-10 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

How Is Culture Learned? Socialization—involves learning through observation of and the active processing of information about lived, everyday experience. Enculturation—represents the way a person learns his/her native culture. Acculturation—the process by which consumers come to learn a culture other than their natural, native culture. Ethnic identification Consumer ethnocentrism LO3 8-11 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

How Is Culture Learned? Quartet of Institutions—responsible for communicating the CSVs through both formal and informal processes from one generation to another: Family School Church Media LO3 8-12 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

How Is Culture Learned? Modeling—a process of imitating others’ behavior. Shaping—consumers’ behaviors slowly adapt to a culture through a series of rewards and sanctions. LO3 8-13 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Verbal Communication Verbal communication is the transfer of information through either the literal spoken or written word. LO4 8-14 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Verbal Communication Translational equivalence—exists when two phrases share the same precise meaning in two different cultures. Metric equivalence—the state in which consumers are shown to use numbers to represent quantities the same way across cultures. LO4 8-15 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication is information passed through some nonverbal act, such as body language. LO4 8-16 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Nonverbal Communication Elements of nonverbal communication: Time Body language Space Etiquette/manners Relationships Agreement Symbols LO4 8-17 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Emerging Cultures BRIC—Brazil, Russia, India, and China—economies that are growing rapidly. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)—gives an idea of the total size of the consumer market in each country in terms of total buying power. Chindia—refers to the combined market and business potential of China and India. Glocalization—marketing strategy may be global, but the implementation of that strategy at the marketing tactics level should be local. LO5 8-18 ©2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.