Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry 11.5 Functional Groups

Functional Groups Functional groups are A characteristic feature of organic molecules that behave in a predictable way. Composed of an atom or group of atoms. Groups that replace a H in the corresponding alkane. A way to classify families of organic compounds.

Some Functional Groups

Alcohols and Ethers An alcohol contains the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group. An ether contains an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms –C–O–C– .

More Functional Groups

Aldehydes and Ketones An aldehyde contains a carbonyl group (C=O), which is a carbon atom with a double bond to an oxygen atom. In a ketone, the carbon of the carbonyl group is attached to two other carbon atoms.

Carboxylic Acids and Esters Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl group, which is a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group. O || —C—OH In an ester, the H in the carboxyl group is replaced by a carbon.

Amines and Amides In amines, the functional group is a nitrogen atom. | —N —

Functional Groups in Everyday Items Methyl amine (fish)