4A Earth and Moon Our home and our nearest neighbor

4A Earth-Moon System Distance from the earth to the moon: –384,000 km –Less than the radius of the Sun (696,000 km)

4A Tides Synchronous rotation

4A The Earth’s Interior

4A How do we know what the Earth looks like inside? Seismology

4A Differentiation and Heat A differentiated planet is not the same all the way through. A homogeneous planet is the same. Heating a planet allows movement. Heavier materials sink to the inside and lighter materials rise. Sources of Heat

4A The Earth’s Surface 70% water, 30% rock Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust

4A Rocks Rocks are made of minerals Types of rocks: –Igneous rocks are those that have formed from a molten state (volcano made) –Sedimentary rocks are composed of fragments of other rocks that are cemented together (water made) –Metamorphic rocks are produced from either igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been buried and modified by high temperatures and pressures

4A Why does the earth look like this? Processes that alter the surface of the earth: Endogenic –Forces that act from inside the earth: Volcanic Erosional Tectonic –These forces can make rocks Exogenic –Forces that act from outside the earth: Cratering

4A Tectonics Any movement of the earth –Folding –Fracturing –Earthquakes –Plate tectonics

4A Plate Tectonics

4A Volcanoes Spreading centers

4A Volcanoes Converging plate margins

4A Volcanoes - Hotspots

4A Volcanoes

4A Erosion

4A Atmosphere

4A

4A Terrestrial greenhouse effect

4A Magnetosphere

4A Moon - Interior

4A Moon - Surface Lunar rocks are mostly igneous

4A Lunar surface features

4A Origin of the moon Current theory – planetesimal hits protoplanetary earth

4A Lunar exploration