Wavelet-Based VBR Video Traffic Smoothing Dejian Ye, J. Cam Barker, Zixiang Xiong, and Wenwu Zhu IEEE Trans. Multimedia, Aug. 2004
Outline VBR video transmission Smoothing algorithms MVBA (minimum variance) MCBA (minimum changes) PCRTT (piecewise constant-rate) WTS (wavelet-based traffic smoothing) Smoothing at multiple resolution Low computational complexity Performance evaluation
Typical video distribution scenario
VBR: single traffic flow
VBR: aggregated traffic flow From server to client: link 3 link 2 link 1
Buffer constraints
MVBA (minimum variance bandwidth allocation) U L
MCBA (minimum changes bandwidth allocation) U L
PCRTT (piecewise constant-rate transmission and transport) Divide the video stream into segments to create a transmission schedule. Each segment corresponds to one rate in the transmission schedule. (set the transmission rate to the average frame size for each segment) Raise the transmission schedule to avoid client buffer underflow. Force a rate change after every segment.
Seg 5Seg 4Seg 3Seg 2Seg 1 PCRTT L
WTS PCRTT works well for both single and aggregated flows. WTS is based on PCRTT. Motivations: Smooth aggregated flows. (?) Client buffers can be heterogeneous. (difficult to schedule transmission)
Possible schedules in WTS
Binary tree T max Has enough buffer? u j+1, 2k u j+2, 4k+2 u j+2, 4k+3
Multiple-flow clients and movies
#flow: #rate changes
#flow: rate variation
#flow: the min time between two adjacent rate changes
#flow: peak rate
Buffer size: #rate changes
Buffer size: rate variance
Buffer size: the min #frames between two adjacent rate changes
Buffer size: peak rate