06/02/2008CCDs1 Charge Coupled Device M.Umar Javed M.Umar Javed.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Charge Couple Devices Charge Couple Devices, or CCDs operate in the charge domain, rather than the current domain, which speeds up their response time.
Advertisements

Diode detector (PIN photo diode detector)
1. Detector 2. Crystal diffraction conditions
CHARGE COUPLING TRUE CDS PIXEL PROCESSING True CDS CMOS pixel noise data 2.8 e- CMOS photon transfer.
Astronomical Detectors
Semiconductor Light Detectors ISAT 300 Foundations of Instrumentation and Measurement D. J. Lawrence Spring 1999.
Contents : CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION CHARACTERISTICS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES APPLICATION.
Photodiodes Photons incident on the depletion layer induce a current.
Transducers Converts one type of energy into another.
Imaging Science Fundamentals
Charge Coupled Device (CCD)
RIT Course Number Lecture CMOS Detectors
Fiber-Optic Communications
Photomultiplier Tube m = k 8–19 dynodes (9-10 is most common).
1 Detectors RIT Course Number Lecture Single Element Detectors.
Photodiodes Ingle and Crouch, Spectrochemical Analysis Photons incident on the depletion layer induce a current. In most cases, best response in the NIR.
1D or 2D array of photosensors can record optical images projected onto it by lens system. Individual photosensor in an imaging array is called pixel.
Charge-Coupled Device (CCD)
14.2 Data Capture Digital Imaging using CCDs. Capacitors  A capacitor is a device that stores charge.  Def’n of Capacitance - The ratio of the charge.
Digital Technology 14.2 Data capture; Digital imaging using charge-coupled devices (CCDs)
OPTICAL DETECTORS IN FIBER OPTIC RECEIVERS.
Charged Coupled Device Imaging
CMOS image sensors Presenter: Alireza eyvazzadeh.
Overview of Scientific Imaging using CCD Arrays Jaal Ghandhi Mechanical Engineering Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison.
Page 1 Lecture 10 1: Project “Starter” activity, continued 2: Detectors and the Signal to Noise Ratio Claire Max Astro 289, UC Santa Cruz February 7, 2013.
 The CCD sensor was invented in 1969 by Willard Boyle and George E. Smith of AT&T Bell Labs.  Originally intended as a memory device.
Different sources of noise in EM-CCD cameras
CDS Fall, 2010 Computing for Scientists Measurements (Sep. 14, 2010 – Sep. 29, 2010) Jie Zhang Copyright ©
CUÑADO, Jeaneth T. GEQUINTO, Leah Jane P. MANGARING, Meleria S.
Chapter 6 Photodetectors.
4/11/2006BAE Application of photodiodes A brief overview.
Photon detection Visible or near-visible wavelengths
3/26/2003BAE of 10 Application of photodiodes A brief overview.
ECE 1352 Presentation Active Pixel Imaging Circuits
References Hans Kuzmany : Solid State Spectroscopy (Springer) Chap 5 S.M. Sze: Physics of semiconductor devices (Wiley) Chap 13 PHOTODETECTORS Detection.
Write: “IB Physics 4 Life!” in binary. 8. Digital Technology Chapter 8.2 – Digital imaging with charge- coupled devices.
The CCD detector Sami Dib, Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg Jean Surdej, Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Liège modified by Martin.
Low Light Level CCDs (LLLCCD) A new idea from Marconi (EEV) to reduce or eliminate CCD read-out noise.
Introduction to Optical Detectors: Plates, PMTs and CCDs Matt A. Wood Florida Institute of Technology Dept of Physics and Space Sciences.
1 Components of Optical Instruments Lecture Silicon Diode Transducers A semiconductor material like silicon can be doped by an element of group.
CCD Detectors CCD=“charge coupled device” Readout method:
10/26/20151 Observational Astrophysics I Astronomical detectors Kitchin pp
Detectors (UV-Vis) 1. Phototube 2. Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) 3. Si Photodiode 4. Photodiode Array (PDA) 5. Charge Coupled Device (CCD) 6. Charge Injection.
Telescopes and Instrumentation October 24. Calendar Next class: Friday November 7 Field trips! – Visit the 61” on Mount Bigelow Afternoon of Saturday.
References Hans Kuzmany : Solid State Spectroscopy (Springer) Chap 5 S.M. Sze Physics of semiconductor devices (Wiley) Chap 13 PHOTODETECTORS.
Observational Astrophysics I
CCD Imaging in amateur & professional astronomy What is a CCD?
Sounds of Old Technology IB Assessment Statements Topic 14.2., Data Capture and Digital Imaging Using Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) Define capacitance.
1 Stephen SchultzFiber Optics Fall 2005 Semiconductor Optical Detectors.
Photodetectors What is photodetector (PD)? Photodetector properties
Charge-Coupled Devices Astrophysics Lesson 5. Learning Objectives Describe and explain the structure and operation of the charge coupled device State.
Optoelectronics.
General detectors. CCDs Charge Coupled Devices invented in the 1970s Sensitive to light from optical to X-rays In practice, best use in optical and X-rays.
Ideal Detector Fast Cheap Rugged Responds to all wavelengths of light Can distinguish different wavelengths Sensitive Low LOD.
Cameras For Microscopy Ryan McGorty 26 March 2013.
Comparison of a CCD and the Vanilla CMOS APS for Soft X-ray Diffraction Graeme Stewart a, R. Bates a, A. Blue a, A. Clark c, S. Dhesi b, D. Maneuski a,
What is thermal noise? Thermal noise in the resistance of the signal source is the fundamental limit on achievable signal sensitivity is unavoidable, and.
Topic Report Photodetector and CCD
CUÑADO, Jeaneth T. GEQUINTO, Leah Jane P. MANGARING, Meleria S.
검출기 눈, 사진, Photoelectric device, Photomultipliers, Image intensifiers, Charged Coupled Device,
1 Topic Report Photodetector and CCD Tuan-Shu Ho.
Semiconductor Detectors and Applications on X-ray imaging Natalie Diekmann Particle Physics 1 NIKHEF.
It converts light energy into electrical energy.
1. Detector 2. Crystal diffraction conditions
Components of Optical Instruments
Charge Coupled Device Advantages
Chapter I, Digital Imaging Fundamentals: Lesson II Capture
Detector Basics The purpose of any detector is to record the light collected by the telescope. All detectors transform the incident radiation into a some.
כיצד נרכשת התמונה בסרט הרנטגני?
More Quantum Mechanics
Presentation transcript:

06/02/2008CCDs1 Charge Coupled Device M.Umar Javed M.Umar Javed

06/02/2008CCDs2 Outlines  Basics  Photodiodes  Photodiode Arrays  Charge Coupled Device (CCD)  History and Principle of working  Characteristics  Applications  Advantages and Disadvantages  References

06/02/2008CCDs3 Photodiode   A photodiode is a PN junction or   PIN structure.

06/02/2008CCDs4 Operation Modes   Forward Bias

06/02/2008CCDs5   Reverse Bias

06/02/2008CCDs6 Characteristics of PN Junction

06/02/2008CCDs7 Photodiode Arrays   A photodiode array is a linear array of discrete photodiodes on an integrated circuit chip.   It works on the same principle as simple photovoltaic detector.

06/02/2008CCDs8   The photodiode array is a multichannel detector.   They are useful in recording UV-Vis absorption spectra of samples.

06/02/2008CCDs9 Charge Coupled Device (CCD)   An instrument whose semiconductors are connected in such a way so that the output of one serves as the input of the next.

06/02/2008CCDs10   History The Charge Coupled Device was conceived in 1970 at Bell Labs by W.Boyle and G.Smith.   Working Principle 1Generate Charge  Photoelectric Effect 2Collect Charge  Pixels (gates) 3 Transfer Charge  Apply a differential voltage across gates. Signal electrons move down, vertical registers to horizontal register. 4 Detect Charge  Individual charge packets are converted to an output voltage.

06/02/2008CCDs11

06/02/2008CCDs12

06/02/2008CCDs13 The voltages supplied to the electrodes change, and the electron packets move in response.

06/02/2008CCDs14

06/02/2008CCDs15 CCD Characteristics  Quantum Efficiency (%)= It is the ratio between photogenerated carriers to incident photons per pixel.

06/02/2008CCDs16 Typical peak values  Photographic plate= 1-2%  Eye =1-2%  Photomultiplier tube=20-30%  CCD= 70-90%  (HgCdTe)=30-50%

06/02/2008CCDs17  Charge Transfer Efficiency (CTE) The fraction of electrons that are moved from one pixel to another during read-out is described by the charge transfer efficiency (CTE).  Pixel to Pixel Variation. This is fixed pattern noise because of the cell to cell non-uniformity.

06/02/2008CCDs18  Dynamic Range D = well capacity / dark current

06/02/2008CCDs19 Dark Current It is produced by thermally generated carriers in depletion region. Total Noise

06/02/2008CCDs20  Signal To Noise Ratio (SNR) For visible region

06/02/2008CCDs21 Applications   CCD imaging systems in astronomy.   The acquisition, guiding and wave front sensing applications in astronomy.   Fabry-Perot CCD annular-summing spectroscopy.   Electron-bombarded CCD detectors for ultraviolet atmospheric remote sensing.   MAXDOAS instrument at Bremen.   To retrieve the 2-dimensional distribution of the intensity.

06/02/2008CCDs22 Advantages of CCD   Quantum efficiency (QE) ~ 80 %   Low noise.   High dynamic range.   High photometric precision.   Very linear behavior.   Immediate digital conversion of data.

06/02/2008CCDs23   Low voltages required (5V-15V)   Geomatrically stable (Good for astronomy).   Rapid clocking. Disadvantages of CCD  Limited exposure time.  Cooling required to reduce noise.

06/02/2008CCDs24  Blooming or bleeding in columns due to bright sources.

06/02/2008CCDs25References  Spectral Imaging of the Atmosphere (Gordon G.shepherd),June1999  1-f03.html 1-f03.html 1-f03.html   spiff.rit.edu/.../ lectures/ccd1/ccd1.html  Semiconductor Radiation Detectors by Gerhard Lutz,1999.  Single Particle Detection and Measurement by R.Gilmore,1992. 

06/02/2008CCDs26 Thanks for your attention.