Section 5 – Henry VIII 1.What type of king was Henry known as? 2.How did the role of the Privy Chamber differ between the rule of Henry VII and Henry VIII? 3.Give 3 reasons Wolsey rose to power. 4.Debate – Was Wolsey the master or servant? – give a historian who supports the traditionalist view and one who supports the revisionist view that he followed kings wishes 5.What was fifteenths and tenths?

Henry VIII 6. What was the Amicable Grant? 7. When did England first go to war against France? 8. Who was the leader of the Holy Roman empire? 9. What was the ‘Ladies Peace’? 10. At which battle did the English kill King James IV of Scotland?

Henry VIII 11.Name 4 abuses of the church 12. Which title was Henry given by the Pope? 13. Name the 2 bible quotes that were used in the annulment case 14. Who was responsible for deciding Catherine of Aragon’s fate throughout the annulment case? 15. What did Wolsey introduce in order to maintain his position of power in 1529?

Section 5 – Henry VIII 1.What type of king was Henry known as? renaissance 2.How did the role of the Privy Chamber differ between the rule of Henry VII and Henry VIII? From personal assistants to political advisors 3.Give 3 reasons Wolsey rose to power. Intelligence, connections, supported French war 4.Debate – Was Wolsey the master or servant? – give a historian who supports the traditionalist view and one who supports the revisionist view that he followed kings wishes Traditionalist = Pollard, Revisionist = Gunn 5.What was fifteenths and tenths? Tax subsidy

Henry VIII 6. What was the Amicable Grant? Tax raised for war 7. When did England first go to war against France? Who was the leader of the Holy Roman empire? Charles V 9. What was the ‘Ladies Peace’? Treaty of Cambrai 1529 – French and Spanish agreement to end war 10. At which battle did the English kill King James IV of Scotland? Battle of Flodden Field

Henry VIII 11.Name 4 abuses of the church – simony, nepotism, absenteeism, pluralism 12. Which title was Henry given by the Pope? Defender of the faith 13. Name the 2 bible quotes that were used in the annulment case Leviticus and Deuteronomy 14. Who was responsible for deciding Catherine of Aragon’s fate throughout the annulment case? Cardinal Campaggio 15. What did Wolsey introduce in order to maintain his position of power in 1526? Eltham Ordinances

Henry VIII Revision 1 The Consolidation of the Tudor monarchy

Government and authority under Henry VIII: the Court and the Privy Chamber and the rise of Thomas Wolsey Early reign Renaissance Prince Removal of Empson and Dudley – arrested and executed to satisfy public demand Abolished Council Learned in Law Marriage – 11 th June 1509, thought Henry VII neglected and acted dishonourably to Catherine

Declaration of war against France – Henry’s aim was to be glorious warrior King Young courtiers were bored with peace Took time to reverse his father’s policies Counsel established – strained relationships with King Start of reign – affairs in counsel directed by grandmother Lady Margaret Beaufort Beaufort disliked Wolsey who impressed Henry Counsel factions were public

Wolsey quickly realised the King wanted war Wolsey desired personal success His rapid rise to chief advisor to Henry was due to his intelligence and lack of significant opponents Edward Stafford – Buckingham, despised Wolsey and was a powerful enemy, wealthy and had a claim to the throne In 1521 Buckingham was accused of treason and executed Wolsey debate: Master (Pollard) or Servant (Gunn)?

Domestic Policies: legal reforms, financial management, relations with parliament and economic issues including enclosure Administrative – no major reform – King demanded more counsellors – Eltham Ordinances Continued links central and local – invites to court Star Chamber – set up to reduce corruption

Legal Reforms: Star chamber – noblemen prosecuted But by 1529 it was collapsing with workload Finance: 15ths and 10ths seen as inefficient 1523 Direct Subsidy brought in – resentment, didn’t raise enough money. Amicable Grant 1525 – raised non-parliamentary tax – benvolence – voluntary contributions Anti-grant rebellion in Suffolk, repressed by Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk Parliament had bitter relations with Wolsey – called in 1515 – church affairs and 1523 – funds for French war

Enclosure – humanists thought it was evil. Wolsey reversed some and was generally against it as he wanted to weaken wealthy opponents. Profiteering – fixed prices – charged those who overcharged on basic foodstuffs

Past Exam Questions Explain why the Amicable Grant was introduced in (12 marks) Explain why Thomas Wolsey emerged as the King’s chief minister in (12 marks) How successful were the domestic reforms of Wolsey in the years 1515 to 1529? (24 marks) How important were Wolsey’s domestic policies in strengthening the royal authority of Henry VIII? (24 marks) Possible questions: How important was Wolsey’s rise to power due to his own personal qualities? (24 marks) Question to consider: Why has Wolsey’s career given rise to so many different interpretations.

How successful were the domestic reforms of Wolsey in the years 1515 to 1529? Overall Argument: ReasonExplanationEvidenceCounterargument

How successful were the domestic reforms of Wolsey in the years 1515 to 1529? Overall Argument: ReasonExplanationEvidenceCounterargument Wolsey promised reform of economic abuses and abuses of the church, but delivered little Wolsey was effective in raising the finances the king demanded, but this was despite a lack of innovation, and poor management of parliament Wolsey made an impact as a legal reformer

Foreign Policy Italian Wars still dominated events across Europe France – 1511 anti-French Holy League Attacked initially unsuccessful, new army led by Henry, allied to Maximillian fought at the Battle of Spurs and claimed Tournai Costly war – 1514 peace treaty agreed

France cont… Francis I in power – successful Wolsey needed to develop allies 1518 – Treaty of London – Peace in Europe led by Wolsey 1520 – Field of Cloth of Gold – nothing of real diplomatic value achieved – war against France - failure 1525 – reversal of policy – pro French anti- Habsburg League of Cognac – France and Italian States – England gave financial assistance

Holy Roman Empire Good relations with Maximillian Charles V appointed 1520 – Wolsey refused Emperor’s invitation to join war against France April 1521 – Habsburg-Valois Wars – Wolsey negotiates 1522 – England declared war on France – Charles uncommitted – English lost – 1525 – Charles captures Francis at Battle of Pavia – Italy 1527 – Sack of Rome Treaty of Westminster and Amiens – Anglo French agreements leads to war against HRE in Jan Trade embargo – Charles held English Merchants hostage – also a bad harvest in England Ladies Peace 1529 – Treaty of Cambrai – Charles and Francis agree peace – England not involved – left diplomatically isolated.

Foreign Policy Relations with the papacy generally good until issue of annulment. Scotland – 1513 – Battle of Flodden Field James IV killed James V a minor – governor was Duke of Albany – anti English – poor relations 1523 – English army sent up to attack borders 1524 – Albany left – diplomatic revolution achieved.

Church Matters Abuses – Wolsey frequently accused Spread of Protestantism Henry given the title ‘Defender of the Faith’ Wolsey had plans to reform but limited or not executed fully

King’s Great Matter No Son Anne Boleyn Leviticus – opposed by Deuteronomy Wolsey presumed a quick annulment Cardinal Cameggio arrives to hear case and suggests nunnery – Legatine court Blackfriars 18 th June 1528 (Clement VII playing for time as he then recalled case to Rome on 18 th July 1529)

Decline of Wolsey Failure of Amicable grant Isolation from the King Political enemies Foreign policy failures Rise of Anne Boleyn Accused of treason on 9 th Oct 1529 Dies 29 th Nov 1530 on way to London