The Self in a Social World

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Presentation transcript:

The Self in a Social World Chapter 2 – Part 2 Jan 26

Self & Culture Video Clip Social psychologists Hazel Markus and Shinobu Kitayama Self-construals – like individualism/collectivism, but at individual level Independent: definition? Interdependent: definition? Differences in Olympic coverage U.S./Japan – what do they report finding in research?

Self & Culture Implications – Americans use dispositional explanations of behavior Compared with collectivists? 70% of the world’s population lives in collectivist cultures…. but most research done in U.S. Concerns about generalizations?

Perceived Self-Control Self-efficacy: sense that one is competent Leads to challenging goals and persistence. Does it differ from self-esteem? Partly depends on… Locus of Control (LOC): what is it? internal LOC – External LOC – What are outcomes of each?

Is LOC situational? Do people feel more or less ‘internal’ or ‘external’ depending on situation? What childhood experiences/family aspects might contribute to locus of control?

Threats to Self-Esteem Self-esteem – evaluation of your self-concept How is it linked to clarity of self-concept? Individualists value high self-esteem Sibling relationships (Tesser). What did he find?

Negative Aspects of Self-Esteem How is self-esteem linked to aggression? To self-serving bias? Self-serving bias - tendency to perceive oneself favorably

False Consensus False consensus = tendency to overestimate how much others share our opinions or negative traits Leads to excuses for failures – why do we do this? However, we also exhibit false uniqueness When/How so?

Self-Serving and Groups Cialdini’s research on self identity and sport team identification When group important to our identity succeeds, respond w/pride Termed “basking in reflected glory (BIRGing)” How do we describe a team’s victory? How do we respond when our team loses? Links to self-esteem changes?

Impression Management Want to project a desired image to others and to ourselves. Self-monitoring – what is it? How do high self-monitors react?

The Self, Suicide, and Poetry Pennebaker (2001) study Randomly chose poems from 9 poets who committed suicide, 9 who did not. Hypothesis: Predicted suicidal poets would use more negative emotion words What were the results?

Ch 2 – Big Picture Self is partly a social construction, shaped by our groups & culture Negative aspects of self-protection –> sometimes we’re bad judges of things related to ourselves We also have a tendency to make many perceptual errors

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