Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Magnetic Measurements and Alignment Robert Ruland & Zack Wolf Magnetic Measurements Implementation of MMF Undulator Tuning Fiducialization Overview of Alignment Strategy Magnetic Measurements Implementation of MMF Undulator Tuning Fiducialization Overview of Alignment Strategy I would like to acknowledge Isaac Vasserman’s and Joachim Pflüger’s indispensable help and expert advice.

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC SLAC LCLS Magnet Measurements Facility SLAC presently does not have a facility to perform the magnetic measurements tasks necessary for LCLS with the required accuracy: Need to build new facility. Proposed Location: Bldg 81, about 0.8 km away from tunnel Sufficient power for CC No heavy machinery nearby No space constraints SLAC presently does not have a facility to perform the magnetic measurements tasks necessary for LCLS with the required accuracy: Need to build new facility. Proposed Location: Bldg 81, about 0.8 km away from tunnel Sufficient power for CC No heavy machinery nearby No space constraints

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Construction & Design Goals Funding LLP Funds Building & Climate Control K$ K$300 Contingency Measurement Equipment K$784 +K$336 Contingency Construction Schedule T1 June 04 (Engineering) T2 Oct 04 (Contract Procurement) T3 Jan 05 (Construction) Beneficial Occupancy July 05 Design Specifications Temperature stability of 0.1ºC, short term temperature swings of up to 0.3 ºC with less than 1 hour duration are acceptable Full set of specs: LCLS-TN-04-1 Z. Wolf, R. Ruland, "Requirements for the Construction of the LCLS Magnetic Measurements Laboratory“.LCLS-TN-04-1 The specs were reviewed and approved by our advising experts I. Vasserman, APS and Dr. Pflüger, DESY Funding LLP Funds Building & Climate Control K$ K$300 Contingency Measurement Equipment K$784 +K$336 Contingency Construction Schedule T1 June 04 (Engineering) T2 Oct 04 (Contract Procurement) T3 Jan 05 (Construction) Beneficial Occupancy July 05 Design Specifications Temperature stability of 0.1ºC, short term temperature swings of up to 0.3 ºC with less than 1 hour duration are acceptable Full set of specs: LCLS-TN-04-1 Z. Wolf, R. Ruland, "Requirements for the Construction of the LCLS Magnetic Measurements Laboratory“.LCLS-TN-04-1 The specs were reviewed and approved by our advising experts I. Vasserman, APS and Dr. Pflüger, DESY

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Magnetic Measurements Capabilities Undulator Test Bench 7 m Undulator Prototype Bench 4 m Hall Probe Calibration System Quadrupole Field Meas. Bench Quadrupole Fiducialization Platform Fiducialization CMM 4.2 m Temp. Storage, 10 Undulator Segments Undulator Test Bench 7 m Undulator Prototype Bench 4 m Hall Probe Calibration System Quadrupole Field Meas. Bench Quadrupole Fiducialization Platform Fiducialization CMM 4.2 m Temp. Storage, 10 Undulator Segments

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Undulator Test Bench Implementation Schedule Undulator delivery commences in May 2006 Expected delivery of bench and components in August 2005 Too late to complete integration, software development, testing and commissioning by 5/06,  Upgrade 4m bench obtained from APS with equivalent hardware as 7m bench to serve as test bed for software development and procedure testing. New components: Etel Linear Motor with integrated Heidenhain encoder X and Y Cross-slides with Heidenhain encoders Servo Motors and controllers Hall Probes and Hall Probe Calibration System (will also be used with 7m bench) Implementation Schedule Undulator delivery commences in May 2006 Expected delivery of bench and components in August 2005 Too late to complete integration, software development, testing and commissioning by 5/06,  Upgrade 4m bench obtained from APS with equivalent hardware as 7m bench to serve as test bed for software development and procedure testing. New components: Etel Linear Motor with integrated Heidenhain encoder X and Y Cross-slides with Heidenhain encoders Servo Motors and controllers Hall Probes and Hall Probe Calibration System (will also be used with 7m bench)

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Undulator Test Bench Design The LCLS Bench is modeled after the APS and the more recent DESY 12m bench. Critical Design Parameters The proposed critical design parameters for the LCLS Magnetic Measurements Bench were reviewed by Isaac Vasserman, APS, and Joachim Pflüger, DESY. Field measurement precision of 1.5*10 -4 required, this translates for the LCLS undulator into a Hall probe position accuracy of dZ 3 µm dX 300 µm dY 60 µm These values drive the bench design as they represent the total error budget. Bench Travel Length, Undulator 3.4m + carriage 1m + zero gauss chamber 0.5m + 2*fiducialization fixture 1m + 2*over travel 0.6m = 6.5 m The LCLS Bench is modeled after the APS and the more recent DESY 12m bench. Critical Design Parameters The proposed critical design parameters for the LCLS Magnetic Measurements Bench were reviewed by Isaac Vasserman, APS, and Joachim Pflüger, DESY. Field measurement precision of 1.5*10 -4 required, this translates for the LCLS undulator into a Hall probe position accuracy of dZ 3 µm dX 300 µm dY 60 µm These values drive the bench design as they represent the total error budget. Bench Travel Length, Undulator 3.4m + carriage 1m + zero gauss chamber 0.5m + 2*fiducialization fixture 1m + 2*over travel 0.6m = 6.5 m

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Bench Specifications Total travel length in Z 6500 mm. Make carriage as long as cost wise reasonable to minimize yaw, at least 1000 mm Make bench cross-section as large as reasonable, min 800 mm wide, 500 mm high Travel length in X as much as bench width permits, min 100 mm Travel length in Y: 100 mm or more if w/o loss of accuracy Granite base straightness in Z and X: <10 µm, if possible 5µm Position accuracy at probe tip in Z, X, Y: 3 µm, 10 µm, 10 µm Z-axis drive linear motor with 1 µm positioning resolution X, Y axes drive lead-screw with 1 µm positioning resolution No stepping motor on any axis Z position measurement with incremental encoder type Heidenhain LIDA, a second encoder on opposite side of bench could be considered to monitor yaw rotation of carriage, Agilent interferometer could be integrated for encoder calibration) X, Y axes motion measured with Heidenhain glass scale encoders Perpendicularity of X and Y axes to be better than 0.1 mrad Probe axis be equipped with rotary stage with 0.01º resolution and 4-axes goniometer Support bench on foundation separate from laboratory floor Support undulator independent from bench on common foundation Support cable carrier independent from bench on common foundation Equip cable carrier with drive system synchronized as slave to Z-axis drive Total travel length in Z 6500 mm. Make carriage as long as cost wise reasonable to minimize yaw, at least 1000 mm Make bench cross-section as large as reasonable, min 800 mm wide, 500 mm high Travel length in X as much as bench width permits, min 100 mm Travel length in Y: 100 mm or more if w/o loss of accuracy Granite base straightness in Z and X: <10 µm, if possible 5µm Position accuracy at probe tip in Z, X, Y: 3 µm, 10 µm, 10 µm Z-axis drive linear motor with 1 µm positioning resolution X, Y axes drive lead-screw with 1 µm positioning resolution No stepping motor on any axis Z position measurement with incremental encoder type Heidenhain LIDA, a second encoder on opposite side of bench could be considered to monitor yaw rotation of carriage, Agilent interferometer could be integrated for encoder calibration) X, Y axes motion measured with Heidenhain glass scale encoders Perpendicularity of X and Y axes to be better than 0.1 mrad Probe axis be equipped with rotary stage with 0.01º resolution and 4-axes goniometer Support bench on foundation separate from laboratory floor Support undulator independent from bench on common foundation Support cable carrier independent from bench on common foundation Equip cable carrier with drive system synchronized as slave to Z-axis drive

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Implementation Schedule

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Undulator Prototype Bench

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Undulator Test Bench Implementation

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Undulator Fiducialization Proposed Procedure Align the poles of the undulator to the test stand using capacitive sensors. Move the Hall probe to the mid-plane of the undulator. This is done by performing scans at different heights, fitting the K value as a function of y, then finding the y value that minimizes K. Tune the undulator. Fine tuning of the gap is required in advance. Repeat step 2 to make sure the mid-plane hasn’t moved during tuning. Scan at different x positions. Move to the x value that gives the desired K. The Hall element is now moving on the ideal beam axis of the undulator. Move to pointed magnets attached to the undulator ends. Find the offset from the ideal undulator axis to the center of the pointed magnets. Move the undulator to a CMM. Locate the pointed magnets relative to tooling balls on the undulator. Apply the offset from the pointed magnets to the ideal beam axis. Proposed Procedure Align the poles of the undulator to the test stand using capacitive sensors. Move the Hall probe to the mid-plane of the undulator. This is done by performing scans at different heights, fitting the K value as a function of y, then finding the y value that minimizes K. Tune the undulator. Fine tuning of the gap is required in advance. Repeat step 2 to make sure the mid-plane hasn’t moved during tuning. Scan at different x positions. Move to the x value that gives the desired K. The Hall element is now moving on the ideal beam axis of the undulator. Move to pointed magnets attached to the undulator ends. Find the offset from the ideal undulator axis to the center of the pointed magnets. Move the undulator to a CMM. Locate the pointed magnets relative to tooling balls on the undulator. Apply the offset from the pointed magnets to the ideal beam axis.

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Quadrupole Fiducialization Finding the axis Based on Vibrating Wire or Pulsed Wire Have Pulsed Wire prototype setup. Routinely achieve repeatabilities even in environment with wide temperature swings of better than 5 µm Also haveVibrating Wire prototype set-up. It promises better yaw and pitch resolution. Implementation based on setup by Dr. Temnykh from Cornell Transfer onto quadrupole fiducials Use Wire Finders (developed for VISA) to locate wire and reference to its tooling balls Use Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) to transfer information from WF to Quad fiducials. Vibrating Wire system will be mounted onto optical table which can be set-up on undulator fiducialization CMM Finding the axis Based on Vibrating Wire or Pulsed Wire Have Pulsed Wire prototype setup. Routinely achieve repeatabilities even in environment with wide temperature swings of better than 5 µm Also haveVibrating Wire prototype set-up. It promises better yaw and pitch resolution. Implementation based on setup by Dr. Temnykh from Cornell Transfer onto quadrupole fiducials Use Wire Finders (developed for VISA) to locate wire and reference to its tooling balls Use Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) to transfer information from WF to Quad fiducials. Vibrating Wire system will be mounted onto optical table which can be set-up on undulator fiducialization CMM

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Cradle Assembly After fiducialization, undulators, quadrupoles, and BPMs as well as the vacuum chamber with its strong back will be assembled into one unit and aligned with respect to each other. Total vertical alignment budget is 50 µm. This is comprised of (adding in quadrature): Quadrupole offset (20 µm) Quadrupole fiducialization (15 µm) Undulator fiducialization (40 µm) Relative alignment (20 µm) After fiducialization, undulators, quadrupoles, and BPMs as well as the vacuum chamber with its strong back will be assembled into one unit and aligned with respect to each other. Total vertical alignment budget is 50 µm. This is comprised of (adding in quadrature): Quadrupole offset (20 µm) Quadrupole fiducialization (15 µm) Undulator fiducialization (40 µm) Relative alignment (20 µm)

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Undulator Measurement Schedule Undulator #1 from vendor A to SLAC July 1, 2006, after initial learning curve schedule accelerated to one undulator every 10 days, undulators from vendor B will follow with a 10 day phase shift.

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Undulator Measurement Schedule, Undulator #1 & 33 Undulator #1 15 days soaking 15 days Magnetic Measurements 13 days Fiducialization & Assembly 5 days Set-up & Handling Undulator #33 15 days soaking 5 days Magnetic Measurements 4 days Fiducialization & Assembly 1 days Set-up & Handling

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Manpower Requirements The MMF implementation schedule is adjusted to the present staffing in SLAC’s Magnetic Measurements Group and to allow the conventional work to continue. LCLS Development 2 Senior Physicists 1.5 Engineering Physicists 1 Metrology Engineer 2 Technicians Conventional Work 1 Senior Physicist 0.5 Engineering Physicist 1 Technician 1 Research Assistant Will be able to handle LCLS Production Measurements with existing manpower, supplemented with help from the Alignment Engineering and Quality Inspection Groups. There is no other significant competing work scheduled. The MMF implementation schedule is adjusted to the present staffing in SLAC’s Magnetic Measurements Group and to allow the conventional work to continue. LCLS Development 2 Senior Physicists 1.5 Engineering Physicists 1 Metrology Engineer 2 Technicians Conventional Work 1 Senior Physicist 0.5 Engineering Physicist 1 Technician 1 Research Assistant Will be able to handle LCLS Production Measurements with existing manpower, supplemented with help from the Alignment Engineering and Quality Inspection Groups. There is no other significant competing work scheduled.

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Global Alignment BO of the undulator hall is earlier (01/07) than BO of LTU  cannot establish direct connection to LINAC coordinate system Establish global alignment reference by connecting undulator hall reference network through vertical survey shafts at both ends of hall to surface monuments Surface monument coordinates are determined using differential GPS and leveling Expected tolerance for global coordinates in undulator hall: dX, dY, dZ < 1 mm BO of the undulator hall is earlier (01/07) than BO of LTU  cannot establish direct connection to LINAC coordinate system Establish global alignment reference by connecting undulator hall reference network through vertical survey shafts at both ends of hall to surface monuments Surface monument coordinates are determined using differential GPS and leveling Expected tolerance for global coordinates in undulator hall: dX, dY, dZ < 1 mm

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC Component Alignment Procedure Proposing to use same alignment sequence as successfully done with PEPII and SPEAR3: Install and measure network Mark Anchor positions on floor Drill, set Anchors and install mounting plates Pre-align mounting plates to 0.5 mm in X, Y and Z Install Granite tables which are referenced to mounting plates Align mounting tables in Y to 100 µm Align Cam Mover pairs in X to 200 µm Install Hydrostatic Level System Install Undulator Cradle Assembly Install Stretched Wire Monitoring System Fine align assemblies Y to 50 µm, X to 80 µm Proposing to use same alignment sequence as successfully done with PEPII and SPEAR3: Install and measure network Mark Anchor positions on floor Drill, set Anchors and install mounting plates Pre-align mounting plates to 0.5 mm in X, Y and Z Install Granite tables which are referenced to mounting plates Align mounting tables in Y to 100 µm Align Cam Mover pairs in X to 200 µm Install Hydrostatic Level System Install Undulator Cradle Assembly Install Stretched Wire Monitoring System Fine align assemblies Y to 50 µm, X to 80 µm

Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Stanford Linear Accelerator Center LCLS Undulator Systems Review, 3-4 March 2004 Robert Ruland, SLAC The END