The Basics An easement allows the exercise of rights on another’s property Property illustrated as a bundle of sticks Executed as a deed The deed describes the parameters Parties Restrictions Gained rights
The Basics Most conservation easements are voluntary But… in certain circumstances it depends on who you ask May be gladly entered into Donations Tax benefits Some may feel coerced Thrown in as an incentive for a permit approval
The Basics The Parties Grantor Property owner Grants easement to another party Gives up certain property Grantee A qualified conservation organization A Public Agency Gains rights to enforce and monitor easement
The Purpose & Benefits Preserves status of land In most cases, leaves land in private ownership (and continued partial use) Can be as flexible as need be Whole or part of parcel / lot Restrictions can be negotiated among parties Can be sold or donated
The Benefits (to the owner) State Conservation Tax Credits A response to perceived federal ineffectiveness Not all states allow such credits Provides greater flexibility to owners regarding tax benefits (relative to federal benefits)
The Benefits (to the owner) SCTCs based on three Calculation of tax credit value Caps on maximum values Number of years one may rollover the credit
The Benefits (to the owner) Calculation of credit value Based on the decrease in market value In NC: 25% of fair market value of donated property interest Based on negotiation costs Property tax value Local tax written off of state tax liability
The Benefits (to the owner) Caps on maximum value No limit (South Carolina) High Limits North Carolina ($500,000 for individuals and corporations) Colorado ($375,000) Low Limits Maryland ($80,000)
The Benefits (to the owner) Carry-forward periods Allows beneficiary of credit to use credit over a period of years 5 years is most typical $50,000 benefit -- $10,000 annual tax liability Can get rid of state tax liability over a five year period
Some Federal Tax Benefits Income Tax Charitable Contribution Deductions Based on the reduction in the land’s value after easement Up to 50% of adjusted gross income Up to 100% for farmers & ranchers 16 year carry-forward period