Design and Implementation of VLSI Systems (EN0160) Sherief Reda Division of Engineering, Brown University Spring 2007
Last time: Lecture 02: CMOS Logic What is a VLSI system? What is a VLSI system composed of? How many? The life cycle of IC design Topics covered in the class Today: Simple descriptions of nMOS and pMOS transistors How to build logic gates from these devices?
Impact of doping on silicon resistivity dope with phosphorous or arsenic n-type dope with boron p-type silicon atoms in cm 3 Resistivity 3.2 10 5 Ωcm 1 atom in billion 88.6 Ωcm 1 atom in million Ωcm 1 atom in thousand Ωcm 1 atom in billion Ωcm 1 atom in million Ωcm 1 atom in thousand Ωcm Electrons are more mobile/faster than holes
What happens if we sandwich p & n types? n p A B Al One-dimensional representation
More sandwiches: nMOS transistor g=0: When the gate is at a low voltage (V GS < V T ): p-type body is at low voltage source and drain-junctions diodes are OFF transistor is OFF, no current flows g=1: When the gate is at a high voltage (V GS ≥ V T ): negative charge attracted to body inverts a channel under gate to n-type transistor ON, current flows
nMOS pass ‘0’ more strongly than ‘1’ Why does ‘1’ pass degraded?
More sandwiches: pMOS transistor g=0: When the gate is at a low voltage (V SG < V T ): positive charge attracted to body inverts a channel under gate to p-type transistor ON, current flows g=1: When the gate is at a high voltage (V SG ≥ V T ): negative charge attracted to body source and drain junctions are OFF transistor OFF, no current flows
pMOS pass ‘1’ more strongly than ‘0’ Why does ‘0’ pass degraded?
An nMOS and pMOS make up an inverter pMOS + nMOS = CMOS
More CMOS gates What is this gate function? What’s wrong about this design?
3-input NANDs
Series-Parallel Combinations
What are the transistor schematics of the NOR gate?
AOI
Transmission gate
MUX
Latch design
Flip-flop (edge triggered) design
Summary We studied CMOS gate structure but we do not know they get fabricated or how fast they are Next time: CMOS fabrication