CANS’‘ 99 Construction, Development and Applications of CERNET: China Education and Research Network Jianping WU Director of CERNET Technical Board Director of CERNET Network Center Prof. of Computer Science, Tsinghua University January 1999

CANS’‘ 99 Outline u Internet in China u China Education and Research Network u Growth of CERNET u Major Applications of CERNET u CERNET: Major Infrastructure for Distance Learning in China u Important Issues u Future of CERNET

CANS’‘ 99 Internet in China International Links in China (before 1994) CANETCRNTUnetOthers X.25 GECAHKEurope

CANS’‘ 99 Internet in China International Links in China (1998) IHEPNCFC BUCT MPTCERNETKEKSprint CAREN K K - 2M to USA 3 X 2M, 128 K to USA, 64K to HK, 64K to Germany 64K from X 2M+45M to USA, 256K +128 K to other 1995 GBN Sprint M+256K

CANS’‘ 99 Nation-wide Internet Service Providers in China u There are four Nation-wide Internet Service Providers in China –CERNET: China Education and Research Network –CSTNET: China Science and Technology Network –CHINANET: China Public Computer Internet –GBNNET: Golden Bridge Information Network u To be permit to connect with Internet backbone directly, but have to use China Telecom international half circuit u Connect each other, no exchange so far

CANS’‘ 99 CERNET CSTNET CHINANET CHINAGBN U. S. A. Germany Hong Kong Japan Singapore >2M X 3 > 2M+45M 64K 2M 10M 512K 2M 64K Canada 2M U K 512K Another Europe Countries JANET and Super JANET China Internet Connectivity's Today

CANS’‘ 99 China Internet (near future) CSTNET ChinaNet GBN global Internet ISPs CERNET CNIX

CANS’‘ 99 Introduction of CERNET u The first nation-wide academic computer network in China started in 1994 u The CERNET project is funded by the Chinese government and directly managed by the Ministry of Education u The objectives of the CERNET Establish a nation-wide education and research network infrastructure to connect all of the universities, institutes, and schools in China using the up-to-date techniques Establish a nation-wide education and research network infrastructure to connect all of the universities, institutes, and schools in China using the up-to-date techniques

CANS’‘ 99 First Phase of CERNET( ) u A nation-wide backbone which connects eight regional networks and connects them to the global Internet u A national network center u Ten regional network centers u Network management system u Internet applications and China information resources and applications

CANS’‘ 99 CERNET Organization u Administration Board u Technical Board u National Network Center u Regional Network Center u Campus Network

CANS’‘ 99 tsinghua.edu.cn CERNET Structure CERNET Backbone Regional network campus network campus network campus network Internet Regional network campus network.edu.cn pku.edu.cn

CANS’‘ 99 National Network Center u Located in Tsinghua University u Network Operation Center (NOC) u Network Information Center (NIC) u High Performance Computing Center (HPCC) u Accounting u Education and Training Center (ETC) u Others: Telecommunication, Customer Support, Development etc.

CANS’‘ 99 Regional Network Center u Regional Network NOC u Regional Network NIC u Regional Network ETC u Customer Support u Regional Network Design and Development

CANS’‘ 99 Growth of CERNET ISPs

CANS’‘ 99 Growth of CERNET Hosts

CANS’‘ 99 Growth of CERNET Users

CANS’‘ 99 Beijing 北京 北京 Nanjing 南京 南京 Shanghai 上海 上海 Guangzhou 广州 广州 Wuhan 武汉 武汉 Xian西安 Chengdu 成都 成都 Shenyang 沈阳 沈阳 CERNET Backbone in 1995 USA USA美国 128K 64K 2M ， 1996 年 10 月

CANS’‘ 99 Beijing 北京 北京 Nanjing 南京 南京 Shanghai 上海 上海 Guangzhou 广州 广州 Wuhan 武汉 武汉 Xian西安 Chengdu 成都 成都 Shenyang 沈阳 沈阳 USA USA美国 128K 2M 64K CERNET Backbone in K

CANS’‘ 99 CERNET Structure (1996) NationalBackbone RegionalBackboneRegionalBackbone CampusCampusCampusCampus ……......

CANS’‘ 99 2nd Phase of CERNET ( ) u All university and institutes (1000+) will be connected to the CERNET u A lot of school will be connected to the CERNET u High speed backbone and Internet link, regional networks and campus networks u New applications u Become a very important part of China national information infrastructure

CANS’‘ 99 北京 南京 上海 广州 武汉 西安 成都 沈阳 USA 美国 128K 2M 64K ＋ 512K CERNET Backbone in M X 7 256K 2M ＋ 2M Hong Kong 香港 UK 英国 512K Germany 德国 64K 2X7M

CANS’‘ 99 CERNET Structure (1998) NationalBackbone RegionalBackboneRegionalBackbone ProvinceBackboneProvinceBackboneCampus CampusCampus Campus CampusCampus ……

CANS’‘ 99 The Possible Scale of CERNET u China has 9.6 million km 2 territory, 1.2 billion population, 30+ provinces, 500+ cities u China has 1,020 universities with 100,000 graduate students and 2+ million undergraduate students u China has 40,000+ middle schools with 60+ million students u China has 160,000 primary schools with 122 million pupils u The CERNET will be the largest education and research network in the world.

CANS’‘ 99 Major Technology of CERNET u Backbone of CERNET –Router + link –IP over DDN, Satellite link, SDH and Fiber u Campus Network –TCP/IP protocol and Web application –Router + Ethernet –Fast Ethernet switch, FDDI switch –ATM –Routing switch

CANS’‘ 99 Major CERNET Applications u MIS for Universities u Information Resource Constructions u Admit Students and Job Opportunity u Distance Computing u Distance Learning u Digital Library u Virtual Research Laboratory and Center

CANS’‘ 99 CERNET: Major Infrastructure for Distance Learning in China u Very large TV education organization u Satellite communication still importance and useful in China distance learning u Internet and Web-based Technology is the future of distance learning in China u Needs of the Learners have Changed u CERNET will be major infrastructure

CANS’‘ 99 Needs of the Learners have Changed Traditional u Institutional learning u Time out for training u School & government dominated u Time & place dependent u Concentrated expertise u Minimum standard u Limited learning choices u Full term courses Information Age u Global learning u Fusion of work & learning u Individual & employer driven u Time & place independent u Dispersed expertise u Personal best u Mass customization u Bytes of learning

CANS’‘ 99 Technology Alters the Learning landscape Audio Conferencing Video Conferencing Satellite Chat Rooms Web-based Training Video Tape/Audio Tape CD-ROM Internet/Intranet VOD Classroom Kiosk Learning Center Library Lab Different Place Same Place Same Time Different Time

CANS’‘ 99 Important Issues u Government Policy u Acceptable Use Policy u Telecommunication Pricing u Management and Security u Chinese Culture u The Future of China’s Internet

CANS’‘ 99 Government Policy u Safety and Protection Regulations of the Computer Information System of the People Republic of China (1993) u Temporary Rules for the Management of the International Links of the Computer Information Network of the People Republic of China (1996)

CANS’‘ 99 CERNET Acceptable Use Policy u Management Regulations of China Education and Research Network u China Education and Research Network Safety Management Contract u China Education and Research Network Users Regulations

CANS’‘ 99 Telecommunication Pricing u Telecommunication Market still isn’t open u Very high Telecommunication Price –International half circuit has 3-5 times than international market in price –Nation-wide transmission line has times than international market in price u China Telecom run CHINANET, also run international half circuit and nation-wide transmission line

CANS’‘ 99 CERNET Operation Model u Government support construction, but not operation u CERNET operate ourselves started in 1997 u Nation-wide access –For 64K connection, 4800 RMB/per month –For >64K connection, 9600 RMB/per month u International input –5 RMB/per MBytes

CANS’‘ 99 The Future of China’s Internet u Hope open telecommunication market u Internet impact on China communication infrastructure u Internet impact on China education u Internet impact on the Chinese culture and Chinese society. u Make China contribution to the global Internet community.

CANS’‘ : Users = Human Population ?