Stellar Spectra Ay16 Lecture 2 Feb 5, 2008. The Nearest Star SOHO UV Image.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Ground vs. Excited State

Advertisements

Blackbody Radiation. Blackbody = something that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation incident on it. A blackbody does not necessarily look black. Its.

Astronomical Spectroscopy. The Electromagnetic Spectrum.

Classification of Stellar Spectra Essentially all stars appear as point sources. Only differences are brightness and spectra. Many differences in spectra.

Sodium (Na) - 11 Atomic Number = - - Atomic Mass = neutrons

WHAT IS OUR SUN MADE OF? 94 % Hydrogen – the most abundant gas in the universe and 6 % Helium All the other elements make up just 0.13% (with oxygen, carbon,

Taking the fingerprints of stars, galaxies, and interstellar gas clouds Absorption and emission from atoms, ions, and molecules.

Atoms and Starlight Chapter 6. Color and Temperature Orion Betelgeuze Rigel Stars appear in different colors, from blue (like Rigel) via green / yellow.

Wavelength flux Spectral energy distributions of bright stars can be used to derive effective temperatures Ay 123 Lecture I - Physical Properties.

Stars Introduction To “Atomic Astrophysics and Spectroscopy” (AAS) Anil Pradhan and Sultana Nahar Cambridge University Press 2011 Details at:

Lecture 3 Spectra. Stellar spectra Stellar spectra show interesting trends as a function of temperature: Increasing temperature.

Introduction to ATOMS. Electrons are always on the move.

Motivation: Detailed spectra of stars differ from pure blackbodies:

Star Stuff. Hot solid, liquid, dense gas: no lines, continuous spectrum Hot object through cooler gas: dark lines in spectrum Cloud of thin gas: bright.

Periodic Table of Elements. Element An element is a substance that is made up of ONE kind of atom only. e.g. Carbon.

08/09/2015 Starter - Elements and symbols that you should know: Part 1 – The obvious ones: 1)Hydrogen 2)Helium 3)Lithium 4)Beryllium 5)Boron 6)Carbon 7)Nitrogen.

PRACTICE DRAWING ATOMS. DRAWING ATOMS RULES PROTONS = Atomic number ELECTRONS = Atomic number NEUTRONS = mass number – atomic number 1 st level can hold.

Stellar Spectra AST 112 Lecture 7.

Stellar Classification. How we know We learn about stars by looking at them through spectroscopes. All stars produce a spectra that tells us about their.

Radiation Kirchoff’s Laws  Light emitted by a blackbody, a hot opaque body, or hot dense gas produces a continuous spectrum  A hot transparent gas produces.

Elements and Symbols Practice. PART I (SLIDES WITH BLUE BACKGROUNDS) Directions: Name the Symbol for each listed element.

Atomic Structure. Rules Of Atomic Structure 1.The Number of electrons = number of protons 2.Atomic Number = the number of protons/electrons 3.Atomic Mass.

18 Bohr Models Lesson 3.1 Extension. Element Name: _______________________ Chemical Symbol: _______Atomic Number: _______ Diagram the Bohr atom which.

Bohr Model Diagrams Lesson 3.1 Extension.

Matter Intro Chapter. Anything that has mass and volume. It is made up of atoms. Matter.

Periodic Table of the Elements. Select an element = Internet link ()

hydrogen atom 1 atomic number so one electron 1 H X.

Stellar Spectra Colors/spectra of stars Classifying stars Photons Atomic structure Elements in stars Masses of stars Mass-luminosity relation Reading:

Valence Electrons and Oxidation Numbers Chemistry Dr. May.

Spectroscopy – the study of the colors of light (the spectrum) given off by luminous objects. Stars have absorption lines at different wavelengths where.

The Properties of Stars

Atoms Is made Up of 2 Parts: The Nucleus: 1. Protons 2. Neutrons The Rings: 1. Electrons.

Ch 8: Stars & the H-R Diagram  Nick Devereux 2006 Revised 9/12/2012.

Atoms & Light (Spectroscopy). Blackbody Radiation A. Blackbody = a hot solid, hot liquid, or hot high density gas that emits light over a range of frequencies.

1. range. II-3. Stellar Spectra and Temperature (Main Ref.: Lecture notes; FK Ch. 5, Sec. 17-4, 17-5) II-3a. Electromagnetic (em) Radiation - Review (Main.

Review of Elements #1-20 Good Luck!! FabulousFunFriskyDr. Evil

Matter Intro Chapter. Anything that has mass and volume. Matter.

Put a different element name on each card, along with its symbol, number of protons and number of electrons. Metals on 1 colour, others on other What makes.

Stellar Classification

Bohr Diagrams for Atoms. Showing Protons, Neutrons and Electron Arrangements for neutral atoms of the First 20 Elements.

Lab 5 – Emission Spectra.

La Tabla Periodica Cada elemento Y su explicacion.

Lecture 10: Light & Distance & Matter Astronomy 1143 – Spring 2014.

Name That Element Extra Credit Created by T.Trimpe 2008.

Light Emission Chapter 30 Dispersive Element Basic Spectrograph Collimating Lens Recording Device Slit Imaging Lens.

The Bohr Model Mr. Matthew Totaro Legacy High School Chemistry.

What is the chemical symbol of Hydrogen? H. What is the chemical symbol of Carbon? C.

Interpreting the Periodic Table H He LiBeBCNOFNe NaMg KCa AlSiPSClAr

Atomic number = number of protons # protons = # electrons IN NEUTRAL ATOMS.

Using the Main Group Elements of the Periodic Table to Draw Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams He

Bohr Model Gallery.

Energy Unit Orbital Diagrams & Electrons Configurations.

Today in Physical Science 

Atomic Structure. It used to be thought that atoms were small indivisible particles. It was thought that the only difference between the atoms of one.

First 20 Elements in the Periodic Table

Atomic Mass = All the Isotopes

Optical spectra of different types of objects

Light emissions mini-lab Pt 1: Flame test Wrap up

Do these steps on the front of the worksheet

Bohr Diagram, Electron configurations, and charges

Star Spectra Essential Question? How is information from what we see so informative about stars?

Orbital Diagrams

6a Students know visible light is a small band within a very broad electromagnetic spectrum.

Atom Model Using Periodic Table Boxes

Elements numbers 1-20.

What Are the Primary Properties of Stars

Radiation Kirchoff’s Laws

Electron Configuration

Presentation transcript:

Stellar Spectra Ay16 Lecture 2 Feb 5, 2008

The Nearest Star SOHO UV Image

1.What is a Spectrum. 2.The Atmospheres of stars. 3.Spectral Lines & Quantum Mechanics (the Bohr atom) 4.Ionization 5.Spectral Types 6.The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram (intro to the evolution of stars)

Diffraction/Refraction Prism refracts Grating diffracts

The Solar Spectrum Fraunhofer Lines in the spectrum of the Sun

Fraunhofer Lines in the Solar Spectrum (~1817) Designation Wavelength Origin A nm terrestrial oxygen B terrestrial oxygen C hydrogen (H alpha) D neutral sodium (Na I) E neutral iron (Fe I) F hydrogen (H beta) G metal blend H ionized Calcium (Ca II) K ionized Calcium (Ca II)

Where do these features come from? Blackbody Emission by hot gas Absorption by cold gas in front of a hot source

The Bohr Atom

Hydrogen Atom Energy Levels

Hydrogen Ionization Fraction

IONIZATION ENERGIES (in electron volts = eV) Atom 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Hydrogen H Helium He Lithium Li Beryllium Be Boron B Carbon C Nitrogen N Oxygen O Fluorine F Neon Ne Sodium Na Magnesium Mg Aluminum Al

Ionization Energies

Stellar Spectral Classification Spectroscopy (photographic!) started in the late 19th century. Classifiers originally arranged them alphabetically, A-O A. J. Cannon figured out the right order from 200,000 objective prism spectra O B A F G K M And astronomers realized it was a well defined sequence in line strength.

Digital spectral atlas (the modern version of the photographic atlas!)

Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Multicolor photography --- Blue and Visual Plates allowed “colors” Objective Prism Spectra Realization that Spectral Type related to Color related to Surface Temperature

Hipparcos HR Diagram 4907 nearby stars with distances to < 5%.

HR Diagram in Luminosity vs Temperature

Solar Spectrum NOAO Atlas, N. Sharp

Hydrogen Atom Energy Levels