2 Climate Change Implications for the Water Industry Dr Dan Green Wessex Water Services Ltd

3 SUSTAINABILITY Regulated work Efficiency Business continuity Reputation Managing risks

4 Climate Change: Implications for the Water Industry ADAPTATION MITIGATION

5 Climate Change: Implications for the Water Industry ADAPTATION - to a changing climate - to changes in society, the economy & policy MITIGATION

6 MAIN ADAPTATION ISSUES Water supply: supply / demand balance Waste water: sewerage & drainage capacity

7 WATER SUPPLY

8 SUPPLY – IMPACTS ON QUANTITY ▲Higher▼Lower

9 SUPPLY – QUANTITY ADAPTATION Climate change & water resource planning Drought contingency planning Capturing more winter rainfall for use in dry periods Leakage work; soil shrinkage in pipeline design Customers using water wisely

10 SUPPLY – IMPACTS ON QUALITY Warm & dry: more concentrated pollutants; cyanobacteria; new pathogens? Wet & stormy: more suspended solids, nitrates, crypto, other pollutants.

11 SUPPLY – QUALITY ADAPTATION At-risk sources in water resource & water safety plans. Work in reservoirs More water treatment / blending / alternative sources Source protection, diffuse pollution control

12 SEWERAGE & FLOODING

13 WET & STORMY WEATHER - IMPACTS High volumes of water in short amounts of time More debris washed into sewerage system Sewers overloaded Treatment works’ storm flow capacity exceeded

14 SEWER SIZE & STORMS Historically, sewers built to avoid internal flooding in the event of a ‘1 / year’ storm event –e.g. 25mm falling in 1 hour In recent years, new sewers designed to cope with a 1 / 30 year storm…then 1 / 50 year… By 2080, storms of an intensity currently expected 1 / 30 years are predicted to occur 1 / 10 years

15 WET & STORMY WEATHER - ADAPTATION (conventional solutions…) Bigger sewers, more sewage works capacity Increasing storage – tunnels, tanks / shafts –Ofwat in 2004: wanted more ‘certainty’ –Ofwat position in ? Ongoing maintenance e.g. sewer jetting

: Work to reduce internal flooding Properties at risk of flooding (1 / 10 years) 1999/00: : : 134

17 OTHER APPROACHES Restoring the land’s ‘sponginess’ –Woodland protection / planting –Sustainable Urban / Rural Drainage Systems –Ponds and other water retention in catchments –Tillage techniques to avoid soil erosion Better co-ordination needed between interests

18 TRANSITION TO THE LOW CARBON ECONOMY Energy cost Future availability of fossil fuels Government policy Taxation & incentive schemes Monetary value of carbon Regulators getting interested…customers too?

19 Implications for the Water Industry ADAPTATION MITIGATION

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21 AVOIDANCE  EFFICIENCY  SELF-GENERATED RENEWABLES  IMPORTED RENEWABLES  OTHER OFFSETS CARBON MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY (AERO)

22 ELECTRICITY USE (m kWh)

23 EMISSIONS Energy CO2 Energy CO2 + transport CO2 + methane TONNES CO2e

24 ENERGY EFFICIENCY Monitoring & optimising sites Energy savings database

25 BIOGAS ELECTRICITY 40 year tradition 8 MW installed Coming up: More digesters Enhanced digestion More green kWh

26 BUYING RENEWABLE ENERGY >25m kWh each year Mainly small hydro, biomass & landfill gas

27 OTHER MAIN POSSIBILITIES Wind More efficiency work Methane control at sludge sites Small scale renewable work

28 60% LESS THAN 1997, BY 2050

29 Action is urgently needed The business case is increasingly clear All organisations and households can ‘do their bit’