What is Social Cognition? How people think about themselves and the social world.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Tom Farsides: 08/10/03 Perceiving Persons.

Advertisements

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES: PERCEPTION

Exploring Management Chapter 12 Individual Behavior.

Lecture 3 Social Cognition. Social Cognition: Outline Introduction Controlled and Automatic Processing Ironic Processing Schemas Advantages and disadvantages.

PERCEPTION DALEEP PARIMOO.

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Schemas and Heuristics

Research Methods in Psychology Complex Designs.  Experiments that involve two or more independent variables studies simultaneously at least one dependent.

1 Perception, Cognition, and Emotion MGT 5374 Negotiation & Conflict Management PowerPoint10 John D. Blair, PhD Georgie G. & William B. Snyder Professor.

Organizational Behaviour

What is Social Cognition? Social Cognition: How people think about themselves and the social world.

Schemas and Heuristics

SOCIAL COGNITION 1970s, label ‘social cognition’ (arises out of earlier work on attitudes, attribution, person perception) ‘…The social cognition approach.

Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies

Social Cognition: Thinking About People

1 Social Perceptions Inter-Act, 13 th Edition Chapter 2.

Week 1: Introduction to Social Psychology

COGNITIVE SUPPORT AT HOME Monique Liles M.S. Cognitive Science.

Lecture Outline Definition of interpersonal perception.

A mental representation of knowledge stored in the brain 3.2 Evaluate Schema Theory.

Chapter 2 Perception of Self and Others

Social Cognition and Perception

Evaluate schema theory with reference to research studies

Knowledge and Memory: How we conceptualize information.

Human Learning Lisa Holmes. Learning Theory A learning theory is a concept that describes how learning occurs. It takes into consideration how the information.

Chapter 3 SHORT AND LONG TERM MEMORY. Anything in your conscious mind at any one moment Does not necessarily involved paying close attention Repeating.

History of Social Psychology

Perception and Understanding1 Lesson Objectives Why perceptions differ among people? What factors affect perceptions? How to sharpen perceptions?

Social Beliefs: Lecture #3 topics

PS Introduction to Psychology December 12, 2011 Memory.

1 PerceptionsPerceptions 2: Inter-Act, 13 th Edition.

PERSON PERCEPTION Forming Impressions of Others. Effects of Physical Appearance Judgments of other’s personalities are swayed by their appearance Those.

Social Beliefs and Judgments Chapter Three. Explaining others Attribution Theory –Dispositional vs. situational attributions –Inferring traits –Commonsense.

Name Test Suggestibility Incorporate misleading info into personal recollections.

Mindful Shift Chapter 12. “Of all species on earth, we human have the capacity of mind change: we change our minds and that of others”

Perception, Attribution, and Learning Internal processes dealing with individual information retrieval, storage, recall, and use Processes Perception Attribution.

The Perception Process

Perception, Cognition, and Emotion in Negotiation

Decision Making Chapter 7. Definition of Decision Making Characteristics of decision making: a. Selecting a choice from a number of options b. Some information.

Chapter 4 Perceiving Persons.

Aronson Social Psychology, 5/e Copyright © 2005 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chapter 3 Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World.

Chapter 7 Social Perception and Attribution An Information Processing An Information Processing Model of Perception Model of Perception Stereotypes: Perceptions.

Chapter Twelve The Cognitive Perspective. Schemas and Their Development Schema—a mental organization of information –Perceptual images –Abstract knowledge.

REFERENCES Bargh, J. A., Gollwitzer, P. M., Lee-Chai, A., Barndollar, K., & Troetschel, R. (2001). The automated will: Nonconscious activation and pursuit.

Copyright 2016 © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images.

CHS AP Psychology Unit 7 Part II: Cognition Essential Task 7.3: Identify decision making techniques (compensatory models, representativeness heuristics,

Social Cognition The study of how information about people is processed and stored. Our thoughts, perceptions, and beliefs about people are influenced.

Perception.  Selection: you can’t attend to everything. Most things are not relevant. You will play attention to things based on certain factors: things.

Social Psychology The Self. How is Social Psychology Different From Philosophy/Psychology? Defining Characteristic: Scientific Method –Refers to a set.

What is Social Cognition?. Effects of social categorization Behaviors… In-group favoritism Conformity to in-group norms Inter-group discrimination Cognitions…

MODULE 18 INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR “There’s beauty in individual differences” How do personalities influence individual behavior? How do perceptions influence.

Schema Theory (3.4) Evaluate schema theory with reference to research studies Describe schema theory as it applies to human behavior (SAQ)

Aronson, The Social Animal, Ninth Edition – Chapter 41 Agenda: - 2 classrooms (scores: no difference) - Social Cognition (part 1) - Midterm.

Perceiving the Self and Others

Perception in Interpersonal Communication Unit: 6.

MEDU 111 Phase 2 – 2nd year , 3rd semester

Interpretation and Perception

Reconstructive Memory

Schema Theory 3.1.

Theories of Social Cognition:

Recap of the Biological Approach

The Cognitive Approach

Theories of Social Cognition In Psychology:

Cognitive Topics in Personality

Psych Immersions? (Connections to something else in psychology, another text, or your world.) Critical questions from the reading?

Question Bias and memory effect

2.Personality And Attitude

Perceiving the self and others….

Perceptual Processes Doran Rocks A Brief Overview.

Presentation transcript:

What is Social Cognition? How people think about themselves and the social world

Key Points All of the information in our environment is too much to process. Need filter. All of the information in our environment is too much to process. Need filter. Past experience provides a filter to help us interpret and evaluate new people and events. Past experience provides a filter to help us interpret and evaluate new people and events.

Social Cognition Do we generally use all of the available information about a person when forming impressions of him/her? Do we generally use all of the available information about a person when forming impressions of him/her? Why not? Why not? Impractical or impossible; too much information Impractical or impossible; too much information Time constraints Time constraints

What information do we use? Categories, schemas Categories, schemas

Schemas Mental structures that help organize knowledge about the social world and guide the selection, interpretation, and recall of information. Mental structures that help organize knowledge about the social world and guide the selection, interpretation, and recall of information.

What do schemas do? “The human mind must think with the aid of categories…orderly living depends upon it.” --Allport, 1954 Help us organize information Help us organize information Help us remember certain things Help us remember certain things Help us to fill in details when our information is incomplete Help us to fill in details when our information is incomplete Can influence behavior Can influence behavior Help us to interpret ambiguous behavior Help us to interpret ambiguous behavior Influence what information we attend to Influence what information we attend to

Examples Read story Read story Demonstration Demonstration

Schemas influence attention Study Study IV: Grad student office included schema consistent (stapler, filing cabinets, book shelves) and schema inconsistent (exercise equipment) objects. IV: Grad student office included schema consistent (stapler, filing cabinets, book shelves) and schema inconsistent (exercise equipment) objects. DV: Leave room and recall what was in the room. DV: Leave room and recall what was in the room. What were the findings? What were the findings?

Schemas help us to interpret ambiguous information Donald example Donald example IV: Priming pos or neg IV: Priming pos or neg DV: Positivity of impression DV: Positivity of impression Priming = the process by which recent experiences increase the accessibility of a schema, trait, or concept. Priming = the process by which recent experiences increase the accessibility of a schema, trait, or concept. What were the findings? What were the findings?

Schemas influence behavior Bargh and colleagues IV: Primed polite or rude words IV: Primed polite or rude words DV: How long participant waited to interrupt the experimenter DV: How long participant waited to interrupt the experimenter What were the findings? What were the findings?

How do we decide which schema to use? Depends on schema accessibility Depends on schema accessibility Situational cues Situational cues Recency of schema activation Recency of schema activation Priming Priming Bargh studies Bargh studies The Donald Study The Donald Study Do not need conscious awareness (Bargh & Pietromonaco, 1982, in text) Do not need conscious awareness (Bargh & Pietromonaco, 1982, in text) Personal chronic constructs Personal chronic constructs

Sometimes schemas can get us into trouble Confirmation biases: Tendencies to interpret, seek, and create information that verifies our preexisting beliefs or schemas. Confirmation biases: Tendencies to interpret, seek, and create information that verifies our preexisting beliefs or schemas. Examples of confirmation biases Examples of confirmation biases Belief perseverance: The tendency to maintain beliefs, even after they have been discredited. Belief perseverance: The tendency to maintain beliefs, even after they have been discredited.

Perseverance Effect Ross et al. (1975) Ross et al. (1975) IV: Success, failure, or average feedback about ability to detect “real” or “fake” suicide notes IV: Success, failure, or average feedback about ability to detect “real” or “fake” suicide notes Intervention: E explained feedback was randomly assigned (discredited belief) Intervention: E explained feedback was randomly assigned (discredited belief) DV: Estimated how well would actually do at task DV: Estimated how well would actually do at task Results? Results?

Confirming Prior Expectations Snyder & Swann, 1978 Snyder & Swann, 1978 IV: Expectations about person to be interviewed: introverted vs. extraverted IV: Expectations about person to be interviewed: introverted vs. extraverted DV: Selection of interview questions. Slanted toward extraverted, introverted, or neutral. DV: Selection of interview questions. Slanted toward extraverted, introverted, or neutral. Results? Results?