8/12/03 The Future of Networking A Long Range View and Opportunities for BRIN Richard S. Wolff, Ph. D August 12, 2003

8/12/03 Outline Major trends in Networking Optical networks tutorial Internet2 and beyond What does it mean for BRIN? High-speed network applications Getting better connectivity for us

8/12/03 Continued Growth in Internet Usage

8/12/03 Industry Trends- Single Fiber Capacity Year Capacity (Gb/s) Fiberization Digitization Multi wavelength transmission to meet capacity requirements SONET Optical networking for increased functionality ATM, IP... Research Systems Commercial Systems

8/12/03 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Multiple Amplifiers Single Optical Amplifier. Increases capacity using existing fiberIncreases capacity using existing fiber Permits graceful growth, a wavelength at a timePermits graceful growth, a wavelength at a time Reduces cost of adding bandwidthReduces cost of adding bandwidth

8/12/03 Optical Network Switching and Routing Strategies Time Static Highly Dynamic Static network configuration Static network configuration WDM channel provisioning WDM channel provisioning Integrated MP S routing Optical switching Optical switching Fewer, fixed connections Frequent, flexible Real-time connections

8/12/03 What & Why of NextGen Optical Networking Customer-controlled fiber and/or lambdas Opportunities for more bandwidth, non- contention-based bandwidth & and breakable research networks Lower marginal costs of expansion by adding lambdas Platform for new networking research (connection-oriented) using lambda-switching Leverages unique market conditions: availability of fiber and optical equipment

8/12/03 Outline Major trends in Networking Optical networks tutorial Internet2 and beyond What does it mean for BRIN? High-speed network applications Getting better connectivity for us

8/12/03 Internet2 Universities 202 University Members, March 2003

8/12/03 Internet2 Backbone Networks GigaPoP One Internet2 Network Architecture GigaPoP Two GigaPoP Four GigaPoP Three

8/12/03 Network Architecture Internet2 Interconnect Cloud GigaPoP One Regional Network University C Commercial Internet Connections University B University A

8/12/03 Internet2 GigaPoPs 31 as of March 2003

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8/12/03 Leading & Emerging Optical Initiatives & Projects California (CENIC ONI), Connecticut (Conn Ed Network), Florida (Florida LambdaRail), Indiana (I-Light), Illinois (I-Wire), Maryland, DC & Virginia (MAX), Michigan, NY & New England (NEREN), North Carolina (NCN), Ohio (Third Frontier Network), Oregon, SURA Crossroads, Texas (Start of Texas) National LambdaRail (NLR), SURA NBC / USA Waves Northern Tier

8/12/03 Outline Major trends in Networking Optical networks tutorial Internet2 and beyond What does it mean for BRIN? High-speed network applications Getting better connectivity for us

8/12/03 Advanced Applications Distributed computation Virtual laboratories Digital libraries Distributed learning Digital video Tele-immersion All of the above in combination

8/12/03 Using the Internet for Bioinformatics

8/12/03 Virtual Laboratories Using UCSD facilities on line

8/12/03 Watching the brain in action: MRI + High-speed networks + super computing

8/12/03 Access Grid: Reaching the World East Carolina University

8/12/03 A Few Access Grid “AG” Facts –Developed by the Futures Laboratory at Argonne National Laboratory –Deployed by the NCSA PACI Alliance –The Access Grid is now in use at over 160 institutions worldwide

8/12/03 What is an AG? Advanced Videoconferencing System Internet2 Multicasting Technology Multiple Sites around the World Multiple Views of each Site Interactive Environment Shared Presentations and Applications Small Personal Spaces Large Collaborative Environments

8/12/03 Who Uses AG? Higher Education Institutions Corporations Government Research Laboratories Supercomputing Centers

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What can an AG be used for? Share Research Developments and Methods Teach Joint Courses Host Special Educational Seminars Exchange ideas and join Dynamic discussions Large-scale Distributed Meetings with Colleagues Worldwide

8/12/03 Use of the Access Grid Node Collaborative Research on Tumors

8/12/03 Outline Major trends in Networking Optical networks tutorial Internet2 and beyond What does it mean for BRIN? High-speed network applications Getting better connectivity for us

8/12/03 Why Does It All Matter? Our researchers need to be full members of all local, regional, national & international communities of interest For many, this already requires high- performance connectivity from the desktop to the world (For others, it will soon)

8/12/03 Optical networks for demanding collaborative applications – beyond Internet2 Several applications at MSU that demand high bandwidth connectivity, low latency, remote computation, real-time visualization: –CCB: Neuroscience application requiring distributed processing, remote real-time access to multiple, distributed data sets –Solar Physics: Satellite operations, Virtual Solar Observatory –Ag Science: Multi-state program involving remote sensing data, visualization –INRA Subsurface Soil Science PhD program

8/12/03 Start with the campus 100Mbps switched to the desktop –More for specialized apps, 10Mbps switched where necessary and accept its limits –Drive at least to a fiber-based distribution system Multicast required for many apps Tune key servers & clients! Wireless for ubiquity & mobility Bandwidth management where needed

8/12/03 Key Intra-State Networking Strategies Technologies –Dark fiber -- where possible –High-speed leased services –Microwave –Emerging & non-emerging wireless approaches –Satellite Procurement Approaches –Leverage regulatory capabilities –Buy –Lease –“Partner” with vendors Collaborate with: K12? State? Feds? Museums? Problems are regionally idiosyncratic

8/12/03 Staying Connected! National initiatives are moving quickly and often exclude “us” We need to learn from what they’re doing and apply lessons where we can We need more help both from within and without Problems are regionally idiosyncratic but national in scope

8/12/03 Today’s research network backbone PIT POR FRE RAL WAL NAS PHO OLG ATL CHI CLE KAN OGD SAC BOS NYC WDC STR DAL DEN LAX SVL SEA SDG BZN BIL MIS What’s wrong with this picture? Proposals submitted to NSF and NCRR to enable Montana to participate in main stream e-science

8/12/03 Western BRIN InfoNet Proposal Submitted to NCRR in July Develop and implement a plan that will provide a high-speed telecommunications network for biomedical researchers in the group of six rural states currently on the other side of the geographical digital divide Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and Wyoming

8/12/03 Western BRIN InfoNet Proposal Plans for Montana Connect the Montana State University network to the Internet2 backbone in Seattle with high- speed fiber Add Access Grid node capability dedicated to BRIN-related activities and engineered to interoperate effectively with other BRIN and Grid AGNodes Work with other in-state campuses to provide top quality end-to-end performance for BRIN resources including Access Grid Nodes

8/12/03 Western BRIN InfoNet Proposal Research Projects - examples Bioinformatics Grid, led by Sherrilynne Fuller at the University of Washington BIRN Project, a grid-based distributed collaborative environment for brain imaging data led by Mark Ellisman at U.C. San Diego NeuroSys Project, a data management system that allows individual researchers to annotate, query and share data led by Gwen Jacobs at Montana State University Plus others……

8/12/03 “Now here you see, it takes all the running you can do to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that!” The Red Queen, in Through the Looking Glass by Lewis Carroll