Robert W. Christopherson Charlie Thomsen Chapter 8 Weather.

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Presentation transcript:

Robert W. Christopherson Charlie Thomsen Chapter 8 Weather

Weather Forecasting Figure 8.17

Violent Weather Thunderstorms Tornadoes Tropical Cyclones

Thunderstorms: cumulonimbus clouds create heavy precipitation, lightning, thunders, hail, wind and tornadoes Figure 8.19 Florida has the highest frequency of T-storms

Thunderstorms Figure 8.20

Lightning: flashes of light caused by enormous electrical discharges ( millions of volts, super heat the air to ºC) Thunder: violent expansion of air sends shock waves through atmosphere Lightning hazards: people, animals. Trees, and structures. About 200 death and thousands of injuries in US and Canada

Hailstones Figure 8.21

Mesocyclone and Tornado Figure 8.22

Tornado: funnel clouds touch the earth’s surface; a few meter to 100m in size; Its intensity is measured by Fujita scale Figure 8.22

Tornado Figure 8.22

Super Cell Tornado and Eye Wall Figure 8.23

Tornado Path Figure 8.22

Tornadoes: spatial and temporal distribution Figure 8.24 Tornado Alley: Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas. Peak season: May and June in United States

Tropical storms start in easterly waves. Easterly Waves : waves move from east to west, thunderstorms occur over the east side of the trough Figure 8.25

Tropical Cyclones Figure 8.26

Hurricanes Gilbert and Catarina Figure 8.26 Hurricane: tropical cyclone when its maximum wind speed exceed 65 knots (119kph, 74mph)

Profile of a Hurricane Figure 8.27 Eye in the center (clear sky, calm) Eyewall: vertical rising air, thick clouds, strong wind

Hurricane Isabel, Cape Hatteras and the Outer Banks Figure 8.28

2005: Record-Breaking Storm Season Figure FS Hurricane season is during later summer and early fall Requirements: warm surface water temperature, 5º away from equator

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